FT MEADE 

GenCol1 


LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




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^ -Land of Industry 


Utica Gas & Electric Company 

UTICA, N. Y. 






















































































































































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.,. . ... 

U pper Mohawk Valley 

A IAind of Industry 








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N OUTLINE of the present commercial 
conditions and a presentation of the future 
industrial possibilities of that part of the 
Empire State which is commonly known as 
the “Gateway of the West/' Compiled and 
arranged by members of the staff of the pub 
lishers and illustrated with maps, charts arijjd 
photographs collected from authoritative 
sources. Dedicated to the people of the Upper 
Mohawk Valley and presented to all who are 
interested in the commercial development 
of the l nited States. 


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amm Domini M< MXXIII 


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Utica, Xkw York 


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If some of the pioneer merchants of Utica, those who first moved their places of business south of the Erie Canal, could come 
bach and see Genesee Street at night, as the camera pictures it here for us, it would seem to them a fairg land with its squares 
of modern stores and shops, its rapidly moving electric cars, the hundreds of automobiles on its pavements, the hundreds of 
people on its indies—and the thousands of shining lights. As we of today pass along this brilliantly lighted thoroughfare, 
we forget that the lights stand a perpetual sign of power, a harnessed force that permits us to live better, work better and play 
better than any generation of the past and perhaps equal to any of the future. s you look at this picture of a busy and 
modern city, let your mind turn back Time's passage a hundred years and then twenty-five. Imagine these buildings as 
they must have been then, dim, square log structures with a few frame houses scattered along; the lights, nothing save a gleam 
here and there from some village dweller's candle; the street empty save an occasional o.x-cart or farm wagon; the few people 
dressed in their homespuns and leather; an ancient town, in the main made up of quaint people, with equally quaint 
customs, but wherewithal with a vision of greater things in the future. That is Utica of that time. ■ A frontier town, 
picturesque and thriving. Does not the very force of contrast cause yon to comprehend the progress made possible by this 
thing called electricity and the great step forward which civilization has taken through its use? 

4 


Transferred from 
Card Section 
m 20 Iq ?s 









Opening the Gateway 


X DECEMBER 11, 1684, 
Arent \ an Curler, super¬ 
intendent of the Colonie 
Rensselaerswyck, left Fort 
Orange, located where the 
city of Albany now 
stands, and started on 
the first journey of record 
up the Mohawk Valley. 
A few years afterwards 
he wrote to Killian van Rensselaer, the 
patroon at Amsterdam, Holland, that “a 
half day’s journey from the Colonie, on the 
Mohawk River, there lies the most beautiful 
land that the eye of man ever beheld.” 

On December 15, 1922, one of the daily 
newspapers of Utica, New York, under the 
head of “An Outsider's Opinion,” printed the 
following editorial: 

“Roger \Y. Babson gave Utica and the 
people of Central New York something to 
think about when he told the Chamber of 
Commerce luncheon yesterday that the Mo¬ 
hawk Valley is destined to become the manu¬ 
facturing center of the United States. It is 
frequently helpful to see ourselves as others 
see us; and, when an outsider's opinion covers 
such a range of possibilities as is conveyed in 
Mr. Babson's statement, it becomes the more 
significant. 

“Living in Massachusetts, he has no par¬ 
ticular reason for boosting the Mohawk 
Valley, more especially in view of the fact 
that his activities take him into all parts of 
the United States and make him dependent 
upon national rather than local conditions. 
He made the statement without qualification; 
and, while he did not go into the reasons for 
his opinion, he was willing to let it be taken 
at its face value. There are plenty of reasons 
that might be assembled to support the state¬ 
ment. Transportation, accessibility to mar¬ 
kets, millions of consumers within compara¬ 
tively short distance, plenty of power avail¬ 
able and more in prospect—these are only a 
few of the essentials for industrial supremacy 
that the Mohawk Valley now affords. The 
people of this valley will be glad to know that 
it looks good to an outsider. Sometimes the 
‘familiarity breeds contempt’ idea becomes 
all too general, and it is encouraging to know 
that a man who has seen as much as he has 


is willing to assume responsibility for a 
prophecy of such promise.” 

To appreciate the truth of these re¬ 
marks and why the Mohawk Valley will 
become the greatest manufacturing center of 
the United States, let us go back to Arent 
Van Curler and the history of the valley. 
It were better, if we are to see this valley of 
industry as it is today and understand its 
future possibilities, that we go still further 
back to Henry Hudson, who, making his third 
attempt at the instance of the Dutch East 
India Company to find a passage to China, 
sailed up the river which now bears his name, 
in September, 1609. If Van Curler could 
stand today upon the trail he blazed in 1634 
he would realize that he had discovered the 
“Gateway of the West”; and, if Hudson could 
again sail the Half Moon up the North River, 
he would be forced to acknowledge he had 
unknowingly found the short passage to 
China. 

In 1614 the Dutch built Fort Nassau on 
what is now known as Rensselaer Island and 
ten years later eighteen families of Walloons 
built Fort Orange and established their 
permanent home in the New World. This 
was the next settlement in the colonies, 
after Jamestown, Virginia, which was founded 
in 1607. 

In 1629 the Dutch Government granted 
Killian van Rensselaer, a merchant at Amster¬ 
dam, a tract of land of twenty-four square 
miles, with Fort Orange as the center. Arent 

The home shown in the picture teas built by Sir William 
Johnson at Fort Johnson, New York, in 171$, and is stand¬ 
ing today. The Mohawk I alley has hundreds of old historic 
spots which tell the story of what it cost to make this a nation 















Little Falls is called lhe“Roclc City." Fifteen thousand people live in this beautiful location at the “Gateway of the IT esi. 
Thru this natural gate civilization marched westward. The gorge which the Mohawk River cut through a spur of the 
Adirondack Mountains at this point discloses crystalline rocks belonging to the Laurentian formation, the oldest in the world 


Van Curler was the patroon’s or feudal owner's 
superintendent and the manor was called 
Rensselaerswyck. The village was called 
Beverwyck until 1644, when New Netherlands 
was transferred to the English; then the name 
was changed to Albany, one of the titles of 
James, Duke of York, and Albany it is today. 

Arent Van Curler (every time his name 
appears in history it has a slightly different 
spelling) seems to have grown tired super¬ 
intending a manor under a patroon system 
and his heart and mind were ever turning 
toward “the beautiful land,” so, one day in 
1662, “Corlaer," as his friends, the Indians, 
called him, marched out of Albany with a 
party of fourteen men, traveled afoot along 
the Indian trail to the place the leader had 
selected for their new home. 

The “Gateway of the West” has been 
moved several miles toward the setting sun, 
and where this first settlement was founded 
now dwell ninety thousand people in the city 
of Schenectady. 

Take your histories and turn to the 
seventeenth century and you will find that it 
was one of wars. All Europe at war; one nation 
against another and one combination or league 
of nations against another combination or 
league. This is not a history of nations, nor 
a history of wars, but an outline of a history 
of industry, and so wars will only be men¬ 
tioned where they necessarily complement the 
history of industry we wish to outline. 

One war after another was fought over 
the lower Rhineland, the home of the Pala¬ 
tines. Thousands of these people, of whom 


one historian wrote as “the most civilized and 
polite of any in Germany, extremely open 
and hospitable to strangers, and generally 
well informed,” were driven from their homes 
and took refuge in England. 

Anne was queen of Great Britain when 
these Palatines arrived in London in the early 
part of the eighteenth century. To tell how 
thousands of these people thronged the streets 
of the British capital, how they were lodged 
in warehouses, how buildings had to be erected 
for their shelter and how they were sent to 
New York would make a book in itself. Three 
thousand and more were brought to the colony 
in 1710 and settled on tracts of land on both 
sides of the Hudson south of Albany. 

Before the first large body of Palatines 
left England it was the intention of the Crown 
to locate them about the junction of the 
Mohawk River and Schoharie Creek. This 
body was in personal charge of Governor 
Hunter and he saw fit to over-rule the orders 
of those in authority and use his own judgment 
where to place these dependents. 

The Palatines were greatly dissatisfied 
with their locations on the Hudson and in¬ 
sisted upon going to the Schoharie Valley; so, 
without permission of the authorities, some 
forty or fifty families left the settlements on 
the Hudson and, with the sanction of the 
Indians, located in the Schoharie. 

Governor Burnet came out from England 
in 1720 and on July 9, 1722, purchased a 
tract of land, which became known as Burnets- 
field patent, from the Indians. This land, 
which extended from East Canada Creek to 


6 







West Canada Creek, was settled by Palatines 
in a short period from the time of purchase. 
Some of these pioneers undoubtedly came 
from The Palatine by way of Holland and 
arrived in New York in 1722, while others 
came from the settlements on the Hudson. 
Most of these people located on the Mohawk 
Flats or in the immediate vicinity. The 
“Gateway of the West '’ had moved forty miles 
nearer to the Pacific by 1730 and here it re¬ 
mains today; for the city of Little Falls and 
the villages of Herkimer and Ilion now stand 
where these forerunners of industry located two 
hundred years ago, and the cities of Utica and 
Rome are only a few miles farther to the West. 

The historic part that this valley played 
in the making of the nation is ably set forth 
in the memorial presented in the New York 
Legislature on February 14, 1923, and the 
story as given here is from the Utica Observer- 
Dispatch : 

“When Hugh White settled at White’s 
Town in the county of Montgomery, his 
settlement marked the commencement of an 
epoch in our state history as distinct in its 
relation to the past one hundred and thirty- 
seven years of New England influence as the 
three hundred years of Dutch settlement, 
impressed upon us from the Hudson Valley, 
or the two hundred years Palatine settlement 


in the Valley of the Mohawk. His settlement 
marked the beginning of a migration, whose 
descendants, now in the fourth and fifth 
generations, are represented in families of 
vigorous mentality and action, residing not 
only in New York, but in all parts of the 
Mississippi basin and beyond the Rockies, 
whose memories turn to the days of pioneering 
in New York State and their earlier Colonial 
and Revolutionary homes. 

“At the close of the eight years of the 
Revolution, Britain continued to hold Canada, 
while the ‘West’ passed to those states which 
as Colonies had received charters with 
‘oeean-to-ocean’ grants. These states, sub¬ 
ject to some reservations, ceded their interests 
in this area to the Union, until in 1787 it 
became the Northwest Territory, to be later 
carved into states and added to the federation. 

“The embittered struggle commenced in 
Colonial times between Massachusetts, Con¬ 
necticut, Pennsylvania, Virginia and George 
III. for the Ohio and Mississippi basin lands, 
in which Sir William Johnson, at the treaty of 
Fort Stanwix, in 1768, protected the lands of 
the Six Nations from any encroachment by 
establishing the line of property east of their 
possessions from Fort Bull, now Rome, to the 
Unadilla, to the Susquehanna, to the Pennsyl¬ 
vania line, thence westerly to the Alleghany, 


The old homestead of General Herkimer who led his neighbors of the Mohawk Valley against the British and their Indian 
allies at the Battle of Oriskany during the Revolutionary War. Congress, a few years after the war, resolved that a mown - 
ment should be erected to the memory of Herkimer and his neighbors, but it was over one hundred years afterward that the 
shaft in the foreground was placed in what is now a historic park. The old homestead is to be preserved as a museum 



7 


WH 
















to the Ohio and to the Mississippi rivers; and 
secured the advantages in these negotiations 
for his Sovereign as against the Colonies by 
taking the Indians’ title to the area which lay 
to the east of this property line in the name of 
George III. This transaction was a primary 
cause of the Revolution, and led New York, 
in 1780, to adjust her conflicting claims with 
Massachusetts and in 1878 to dramatically 
extend the lines of Montgomery County 
around the 16,000,000 acres of the Six Nations, 
and immediately erect this vast area into the 
town of White’s Town. By this act she 
established her present boundaries, doubled 
the previous area of her possessions and gave 
notice to the Indians that there was no Sir 
Will iam Johnson to further postpone the 
settlement of the lands. 

“The town was called after Hugh White 
of Middletown, Connecticut, who, with his 
five sons, on June 5, 1784, had taken posses¬ 
sion of his interest in a patent which he and 
others had purchased at public sale in the 
attainder for treason of Hugh Wallace. 

“Less than two hundred white inhabitants 
were to be found in White’s Town when it was 
established in 1788, and this count included 
traders and prospectors. In 1780 there were 
seven homes at Hugh White's settlement, five 
at Rome, three at Oriskany, three at Utica 
and three at Westmoreland—all log cabins, 
small and cheaply constructed. In the com¬ 
mon language of those in New England who 
had children or friends who went to settle 
there, ‘they had gone way up among the 
Indians in the White’s Town country.’ 

“The act creating the town of White’s 
Town placed a north and south line running 
from the St. Lawrence River, east of the 
home of William Cunningham, at what is now 
Baggs Square, in Utica, to the Indian property 
line on the east line of the town of Otsego, 
which was the Unadilla River; thence on the 
property line to the Pennsylvania line, as the 
westerly boundary of the town. 

“By 1 S^t) the population of the state, 
estimated at the close of the Revolution to be 
approximately one hundred and ninety thou¬ 
sand, had increased to one million and forty 
thousand, of which it is estimated that one 
million were from New England. By 1841 
White’s T own's original limits were carved 
into thirty counties, since which no changes 
have been made.” 


Five hundred thousand people now live in 
the Mohawk Valley and nearly three millions 
of people live in what was once White’s Town. 

Every foot of the Mohawk Valley from 
Rome to Schenectady is historic soil; every 
turn in the road and every bend in the river 
brings one face to face with scenes which 
vividly recall the daring and valor of the men 
and the indomitable courage of the women 
who long ago fought on and on against almost 
overwhelming odds and suffered untold hard¬ 
ships to lay the foundations of this nation. 

Outposts of civilization, these settlements 
of the Mohawk Valley suffered from massacre 
after massacre and war after war. Villages 
were destroyed; homes were burned; families 
murdered; communities were wiped out, and 
yet these people held on. How they worked! 
How they succeeded! Only to have the work 
destroyed. How they started anew to build 
to greater success should be told to every child 
in the Mohawk Valley; and how they paid 
for their success through hard toil should be 
a part of the educational plan of every school. 
It should be told to every man and every 
woman who comes to this country from be¬ 
yond the seas, for when they come to under¬ 
stand how we came to be a nation they will 
appreciate what a privilege it is to be an 
American. 

Interior Old Fort Ilcrkimer Church, with its high pulpit. 

It was in such picturesque places that the old pioneer took 
his family to worship on Sunday. A three-hour sermon 
was not considered of undue length in those days. From 
such a vantage point the drowsy listener was easily spied 
out and an elder with his long staff brought back a fleeting 
consciousness with a light but lusty tap. Note the old 
oil lamps that were their only source of artificial light. 
These old churches also served as forts in times of stress 





















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Visit a community for the first time and yon will undoubtedly be shown the old historic spots and landmarks. The Upper 
Mohawk Valley has more than its quota of these homes of men who founded the nation. The first picture is Fort Van 
Alystine, built in 1750, at Canajoharie, while the second is the Glen Sanders house at Scotia built in 1713. The next 
is the old block house at Johnstown built in 17113, and number four. Old Free House at Fort Plain, erected in 1739. Number 
fire is the Old Ehle House at Fort Plain, dating from 1752, while number six is Old Fort Block, built at St. Johnsville in 
1750. Number seven is the Gort Wagner house, 1733, and the last is Sir If illiam Johnson's house, Johnstown. One is apt 
to forget the price paid by these early pioneers in the coin of hardship, danger, discomfort and foil, for the right to live their 
own life, worship their own God; and, though they little realized it, thus laid the foundation of the greatest nation on earth 


9 


■ 






















In war-time or peace-time The Savage Arms' Company has made a name for itself through the intrinsic worth of the 
product. This mammoth plant covers more than thirteen acres and contains seven hundred thousand square feet of floor 
space. During the war it teas given over entirely to the manufacture of war machinery, especially the Lewis gun. Wher¬ 
ever firearms are known, the name of Savage is respected. Sportsmen have come to know that the Savage arm is dependable 



Hasselbarth-Whiton Company manufactures a line of brass and iron beds, cribs and springs. The industries of the Mohawk 
Valley, diversified as they are and calling for such a wide range of craftsmanship, make this section a doubly secure region 
for the employer and employee because of two things: Securing to the employer a low labor turnover and, to the 
worker, a steady job. These two farts ivill prove of interest to manufacturers studying the subject of factory location 



The Utica Heater Company of Utica is among the largest manufacturers of heating equipment in the United States. 
Its product is used extensively both in this country and abroad. Manufacturing conditions, transportation, and abundant 
electric power have enabled this concern to take its place among the foremost of the nation. These same qualifications ivill 
cause the Valley of the Mohawk to take rank as the nation's greatest industrial center 


10 






































you will see a narrow ravine which the Mo¬ 
hawk River cut through a spur of the Adiron¬ 
dack Mountains and the gap thus formed cau 
truthfully be called the “Gateway of the 
W est,” for through this gap and ravine runs 
the New York Central, the only water level 
road between the East and the West. 

Take this subject up with your traffic 
manager and he will tell you that the New 
York Central Lines enter twelve states and 
directly serve territory containing fifty per 
cent of the population of the United States. 
He will tell you that this line carries fifty-two 
per cent of the passenger traffic between New 
York and Chicago, while five other lines carry 
the remaining forty-eight per cent. 

As you stand at Little Falls you will see 
another railroad passing through the gap. 
This is the New York, West Shore and Buffalo 
Railroad which passes through the Upper 
Mohawk Yalley, and which runs from Buffalo 
to New York City. This road, while con¬ 
trolled by the New York Central Lines, is 

1/ 

operated separately and should be considered 
as another organization when the shipping 
facilities of this industrial district are being 
tabulated. So from east to west the Upper 
Mohawk Yalley equals any other industrial 
district in railway service. 

Now let us see how it checks from north 
to south. The Delaware, Lackawanna and 
W estern Railroad, or the “Lackawanna,” as 
it is commonly called, is one of the lines south 
from the LTpper Mohawk Valley. This rail¬ 
road was originally called the Utica, Chen¬ 
ango and Susquehanna Valley Railroad, as 
it was built to bring coal to Utica from the 
Pennsylvania coal fields. Not only does the 
Lackawanna furnish the Upper Mohawk 
Valley with a direct line south into Pennsyl¬ 
vania, connecting with other roads to the 
southern states and west and southwest, but 
it also furnishes another direct route to New 
York City and the Central Eastern States. 
It is certain that the executives of this trans¬ 
portation company which broadcasts the 
slogan “Mile for mile the most highly devel¬ 
oped railroad in America” will always main¬ 
tain both a freight and passenger service 
equal to the demand. 

The New York, Ontario and Western 
Railway is another system which operates 
from Utica and the Upper Mohawk Valley 
and which taps the Pennsylvania coal fields, 
connects with railroads for the south and west 


and which also has a terminal in New York 
City. 

The principal cities and towns of northern 
New York State are served through the rail¬ 
ways which serve Utica and there is no shorter 
way from any other manufacturing center of 
the United States to Montreal, the center of 
Canadian commerce and the Dominion's 
greatest port. Shipments into Western Can¬ 
ada via one of the greatest transcontinental 
roads from Montreal can thus be made over 
practically a direct route from the Upper 
Mohawk Valley. 

The Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg 
Railroad, operated by the New York Central 
through the Ontario and the St. Lawrence 
Division, furnishes a route to the northern 
cities and towns of thestate, while the Mohawk 
and Malone Division is the one direct route 
north to the Adirondacks and to Ottawa and 
Montreal. 

The shipping facilities of the Upper 
Mohawk Valley are not confined to the rail¬ 
roads. Standing by the ravine at Little 
Falls you will see two other highways leading 
through the gap. One of these is the New 
York State Barge Canal and the other is the 
famous State Road. 

Before the Revolutionary War the Mo¬ 
hawk River was navigated by bateaux of 
light draught and easy transport over the 
carrying place at the lesser falls. In 179.5 a 
navigation company built a canal and locks 
at Little Falls and a lock near Fort Herkimer 
so as to avoid the rapids and falls. 

On October 26, 182,5, there started from 
Buffalo, New York, two canal boats, one 
called the Seneca Chief and the other the 
Young Lion of the West. These boats car¬ 
ried the men closely connected with the build¬ 
ing of the Erie Canal on the first complete 
trip by water from the Great Lakes to the 
Hudson and by 1826 the canal was a thor¬ 
oughfare and in general use. 

If we could turn from this discussion of 
cold business facts and enter into the story 
and romance of business, we know of no 
better place than here. A book, or a series of 
books, could be. written on this man-made 
waterway which played so large a part in the 
building of a nation and which helped to make 
New York the Empire State. 

The Erie Canal has grown into the Barge 
('anal of today which follows practically the 
same route the greater part of the way from 


12 














A bird's-eye view in the knitting room of the Utica 
Knitting Company, Utica. Every machine yon see is 
electrically driven. The miles and miles of knitting thread 
used here in the course of a year is almost unbelievable. 
This concern operates thirty-three thousand spindles and 
employs over three thousand persons. It requires a 
high degree of skill in the operation of this machinery 


The beater room of the Litchfield Paper Company, Prank- 
fort. These giant machines that knead the pulp which 
later becomes paper owe their motive force to electricity. 
The hornet knew the art of paper making, also the value 
of organization. This Mohawk Valley organization 
demonstrates hole well men have learned the hornet's lesson 


I ’ieie in forging department of the Utica Cutlery Com¬ 
pany. Perhaps your pocket or pen knife passed through 
this department. Note the modern overhead chain-driven 
equipment 


Showing the sole stitching machines of the Dolgeville 
Pelt Shoe Company. If you look closely you can see the 
finished product in the racks on the right. These shoes 
have found their way info many American homes 


Type of high-speed gas furnaces in use by The Savage 
Arms Corp. This style is used to heat soldering irons, 
nuts, bolts and such small pieces where speed is essential. 
The list of industrial uses to which gas is being put 
grows larger each year. New processes and new treatments 
of metal are bringing forward new machinery requiring 
industrial gas. The demand is causing producers to 
enlarge their equipment to meet this need 


Assembly Department of the Remington Cash Register, 
Ilion. The cash register has taken the place of the old 
wooden cash drawer even in the deepest rural communities, 
and a large percentage of those in use are made by Reming¬ 
ton. So efficient and necessary are these machines that 
present day stores would as soon be without a stock of goods 
as to be minus a cash register 



























The Utica Willowvale Bleachery of Willowvale, X. ) . These manufacturers realize that to get maximum efficiency they 
must surround the workers with everything conducive to health and that sufficient recreation and amusement out of working 
hours is essential. To that end they have established The Willowvale Club and other social centers for their employees. 
'This, together with good homes and living conditions, can have but one result: good work through goodwill 


Buffalo to Albany. It was turned over to 
the Federal Government during the war, but, 
since its return to the state, and operated for 
the general interests of the public, the traffic 
has constantly increased. 

The New York State Barge Canal System 
will prove a valuable transportation asset to 
this district and to the commonwealth. 

Most economists, those men who have 
given the subject a great deal of thought 
based on sound business investigation, believe 
that it will play a very important part in the 
carrying of certain classifications of bulk 
freight and that it will be used far more exten¬ 
sively during the coming years than its spon¬ 
sors ever contemplated. 

New York has improved highways. They 
reach in every direct ion throughout the entire 
state and connect with the great trunk roads 
which are being built across the country. 
The automotive vehicle has been in use for a 
little over twenty years and the moving of 
freight by motor truck, even the short haul, 
is still in its infancy. Practically every busi¬ 
ness man using motor trucks in his industry 
has his own data as to their transportation 
value as applied to his individual business, 
but there is no general data on this subject. 
There is, however, this one certainty: 
automotive vehicles have a much larger 
field of usefulness in the communities where 
there is a good roads system covering hundreds 
of miles than in the sections of the country 
where roads are unimproved and built hit- 
or-miss, starting nowhere and leading to no 


place in particular. The connected, improved 
roads system of New York State is also a 
transportation asset to the Upper Mohawk 
Valley and the one great East and West 
highway follows the same lines as the trail of 
the Indians and the early settlers through 
the “Gateway of the West.” 

The Upper Mohawk Valley, then, has the 
first three essentials: geographical location, 
accessibility to communities with large pur¬ 
chasing power, and unequalled transportation 
facilities through railways, waterways and 
highways. 

There is another essential, or rather a 
group of closely associated essentials, which 
the Upper Mohawk Valley possesses beyond 
any other developed industrial section of this 
country. 

There are two thousand nine hundred 
and sixty square miles of land in Oneida and 
Herkimer, the two counties which contain 
the Upper Mohawk Valley, and some two 
hundred thousand people now dwell in these 
counties. It is thirty-five miles by railway 
from Rome to Little Falls, and, if the part of 
this district which borders on the railways and 
waterway were formed into a metropolitan 
area, filled with factories and the homes of the 
workers, there could be two millions of people 
housed without the necessity of congestion 
which is now common to many large indus¬ 
trial centers. 

Every now and then a manufacturing 
organization opens up in a small way in one 
of the large, crowded-to-the-limit industrial 


14 




















centers and in a comparatively short time, 
through the merit of the product and the sound 
business policy of the house, the company has 
grown away beyond the expectations of the 
founders. This is what we call locating by 
accident, for in all probability the man who 
conceived the business and the men who 
financed it never gave a thought to future 
growth and so started production in the city 
where the founders lived. In time the busi¬ 
ness must have larger quarters, a building or 
buildings designed for the proper manufac¬ 
turing of their special product. Land values 
in the vicinity of their plant are found to be 
practically prohibitive. Since they became 
interested in a business of their own the heads 
of this concern have learned much about 
production costs and have found that floor 
space goes into the overhead just as much if 
owned by the manufacturer as if leased from 
others. 

To increase floor space cost to meet the 
land value figures of the congested community 
would cut into a unit profit, not any too large 


as it stands, and to increase the selling price 
of the product to dealers or consumers would 
cut down the output. There is but one logi¬ 
cal action for the heads of an organization 
thus placed to take: that is, to remove to an 
industrial center having all the other neces¬ 
sary essentials where land values are not exor¬ 
bitant and so reduce the housing overhead. 

There are hundreds of manufacturers in 
this country, north of the Mason and Dixie 
Line and east of the Mississippi, who are face 
to face today with just the condition men¬ 
tioned. It may be you are one of them. If 
you will allow us to suggest that you come to 
Utica and check up all the essentials, we feel 
sure you will find it will pay you to do so and 
that you will find locating in this territory the 
best solution to your manufacturing problems. 

There are other manufacturing concerns 
who do not intend to move their plants from 
where they are now located, and in many 
instances there is no particular reason why 
they should, but who find it advisable to 
establish branch plants, so located that they 


The Remington Arms Riant at llion. Sew York, showing a change of shift. Note the immensity of the building and that 
down the street one can see the covered bridges leading to building on the right side. You can also see a few of the thou¬ 
sands of workers required to man this huge •plant and its allied industries. This corporation and its subsidiaries produce 
firearms, ammunition, typewriters, and cash registers, of international repute 

























































m 




The Rome Wire Company. Rome manufactures u'ire ranging in size from finer than a silk thread to the largest cables for 
electric transmission lines in both bare and weatherproof, as well as the insulated varieties. Situated in the center of the 
fabricating copper district, it sends its products to all parts of the world. They make a wire so fine that, when woven into 
a screen, it will hold water, and others so large as to conduct electricity great distances under enormous pressure 



Bird's-eye view of C. A. Durr Packing Company, Utica, showing present and proposed buildings. This modern packing 
plant has grown from a small beginning to one of the largest institutions of its kind in the East through the ability of its 
officers and the advantages of its location. Its products are not confined to a local market, but find their way to the East 
and New England States principally, but also to the South and West. As packers of meat and meat products, it has an 

enviable reputation for the quality of its goods 





The International Heater Company is one of the large, manufacturers of healing equipment of the conduit or pipe type and the 
pipeless hot air furnaces, as well as both hot water and steam heating systems. Its product is sold throughout the United 
States and Canada. Wherever civilization has progressed to the point where mail’s comfort demands manufactured heat, 

the product of this firm is in demand because of its superior efficiency 


Hi 


































The Upper Mohawk Valley, through the mountain and 
lake district to the north, affords the people a nearby 
playground and clean, health ful out-of-doors recreation 


overcome territorial distribution obstacles. 

Other manufacturers find it expedient to 
establish branch factories because such plants 
help them solve the labor turnover problem, 
while others locate branches in different 
industrial districts because they appreciate 
that it is more economical, in their given 
industry, to operate plants up to a certain 
magnitude than one plant of an ever increas¬ 
ing magnitude at one given location. 

A number of these organizations will find 
it to their advantage to locate in this section 
of New York State for the same reason that it 
will pay the small manufacturers to locate 
here. They will find in the twenty millions 
of people who live but a short distance from 
the Upper Mohawk "\ alley a sufficient market 
to take the out put of a branch factory. Others, 
having a foreign market, will see in Utica and 
the associated cities all the essentials for 
export manufacturing and shipping at the 
lowest possible combination of costs. 

Now, let us see what the Upper Mohawk 
Valley means to the small manufacturer, the 
man who must find his market within a lim¬ 
ited area and within a comparatively short 
distance from his production location. Allow 
us to make this personal with the supposition 
that the manufacturer is yourself. 

Let us suppose that you make something 
the majority of men use or that is used in every 
household. To go after a national market 
would force you into the general competi¬ 
tive field and this would make it impossible 


for you to do business at a profit while a local¬ 
ized market will produce first-class returns. 
There is not a better state in the Union than 
the Empire State, for New York has over ten 
millions of people able to purchase any com¬ 
modity as well as, if not better than, a like 
number of people in any other section of the 
country. If you want this localized market, 
this market within from one to two hundred 
and fifty miles of your factory door, come to 
the Upper Mohawk Valley, for Utica, the 
largest city in this industrial district, has 
rightly been called the “Heart of New ork 
State.” 

Let us say you make a food product. 
You now have a factory in Michigan and you 
have reached the limit of your localized 
market. You have tried the experiment of 
extending your market into other territory, 
but you have found that when you go beyond 
a given point your cost of distribution so 
greatly increases the trade thus developed 
becomes a liability instead of an asset. 

It will pay you to come to New York 
State and study the possible market condi¬ 
tions it will pay you to come to Utica and 
study the manufacturing possibilities. With¬ 
out giving up your business where you are now 

The Upper Mohawk Valley has beautiful roadways 
leading in all directions. The one shown in the illus¬ 
tration is in the charming Adirondack Mountain 
regions. There is practically an endless number of 
there-and-back-in-a-day trips for the automobilist 



17 






















Shotting the green sand molds at pouring time on one 
floor of The Malleable Iron and Steel Company's plant, 
Oriskany. Plants of which this is a type have a variety 
of uses for electricity and gas 


Weaving machines at work in the plant of Utica Steam 
and Mohawk Valley Cotton Mill. Practically all of this 
machinery is semi-automatic. Note the light and clean 

interiors 




The Screwmaking Department of the Remington Cash 
Register Company. The cost of one screw can be accurately 
figured. To keep that unit cost as low as possible re¬ 
quires a quality power, delivered in quantity 


I iew in the forge shop of the Utica Drop Forge and Tool 
Company. This concern is one of the rcorld's largest 
manufacturers of gripping tools, most of which are nickel- 
plated. The U. T. K. brand is universally known 




Finishing Department of the Duofold Health Underwear 
Company. Where women are employed it is essential 
that guards be placed around belts and pulley ivheels. 
This eliminates the danger of accident from clothing 
being caught in the apparatus 



One of the largest installations of electric ovens in the 
East is this battery of the Rome Rrass and Copper 
Company, Rome. This concern produces bars and tubings 
of the above materials. Rome produces 10 % of the brass 
and copper manufactured in the United States 


IS 






































located you can develop a new business along 
the same lines and establish a new plant in 
the Upper Mohawk Valiev. 

Study the advantages of the Upper Mo¬ 
hawk Valley from an industrial standpoint; 
take the facts and figures, and you will find 
that every fundamental which makes it the 
ideal location for large manufacturers causes 
it to be equally advantageous to the small 
manufacturer. 

There is another essential for considera¬ 
tion and oue which deserves the careful 
scrutiny of every industrial executive: this is 
man-power. 

'the large manufacturer, the man who 
heads an organization employing three hun¬ 
dred to three thousand or more hands, fully 
realizes that one of the vital considerations 
today is men. There has never been a time 
in the history of industry when manufacturers 
have given the attention to the subject of man¬ 
power that they are now devoting, for the 
human equation in business is an all-impor¬ 
tant factor in the industrial welfare of the 
future. 

The industrial sociologists, those men who 
spend their time and their talents in estab¬ 
lishing the reasons why men perform a given 
task in factory or office willingly and effi¬ 


ciently or unwillingly and inefficiently, tell us 
that to do good work a man must possess three 
attributes: he must possess the skill and 
knowledge necessary to perform the task, the 
health or strength to back up his skill and the 
willingness to perform the task in the best pos¬ 
sible manner and in the least possible time. 
One of the leaders in this study of production 
costs from the man-power side, who had the 
opportunity to check some thirty thousand 
workers with the largest organization of its 
kind in the world, says that the most impor¬ 
tant factor in economical production today is 
the goodwill of the workers and the most 
important factor in the development and pres¬ 
ervation of this goodwill is the surroundings of 
t he workers when they are a way from t heir work. 

There is hardly a manufacturer who would 
think of erecting a new factory building with¬ 
out providing abundance of light through 
modern steel, concrete and glass construc¬ 
tion, abundance of ventilation through rightly 
placed windows or a mechanical air distribut¬ 
ing system, proper temperature through a 
heating system, and approved sanitary equip¬ 
ment. Most factory executives recognize the 
necessity of providing adequate space and 
ideal surroundings for their employees during 
the working hours, and yet a large number 


A view of Little Falls, A\ ) showing the D. II. Burrell Plant, which is the largest producer of dairy machinery in the world. 
The farmers of our country are indebted to them for a large number of devices that take the drudgery out of the dairy industry 
and make it possible to realize more profit from their work. The cream separator, for instance, has demonstrated its worth 

















If you are an employer of labor you will realize at once 
the advantage of having such a home as this for your worker 


seem to forget that the production value of 
perfect factory conditions can be greatly 
diminished through the conditions under 
which their employees live when not at work. 

The manufacturer may pay the very 
highest given wage in his industry and give 
his employees every consideration and yet be 
handicapped because he is located in a con¬ 
gested community where rent rates force the 
majority of employees to live under conditions 
which are detrimental to their physical and 
spiritual well-being. 

Men or women who live in large cities 
where there are crowded populations and 
where high land values create high rentals and 
cause even skilled workers receiving the highest 
wages of their respective crafts to live in 
limited quarters cannot reach their full 
productive value. A man who is forced to 
leave cramped-up quarters he calls a home, 
where the sleeping space is poorly ventilated, 
and is forced to spend an hour or more riding 
to work on a transportation system jammed 
with other workers, must reach his place of 
employment with a far lower degree of energy 
than the man who leaves pleasant environ¬ 
ment, walks or rides a short distance to his 
work, affording him a splendid condition 
physically and mentally to give his very best 
to his task. 

There is not space here to go back of these 
facts with exact details, but any manufacturer 
who will give the subject his careful considera¬ 
tion and who will devote the necessary time to 
an investigation will find to his own satisfac¬ 
tion that the home surroundings of a worker 
and the living conditions of his employees 
when away from their work have a very im¬ 
portant bearing on his manufacturing costs. 


The Upper Mohawk Valley is an ideal 
home land. It is thirty-five miles from Little 
Falls to Rome, yet it can increase ten-fold in 
population without coming anywhere near 
having a congested area. 

While we are discussing this subject of the 
worker and his work it may be well to call 
attention to the fact that wherever it is pos¬ 
sible for average wage workers to purchase 
and own their homes at a reasonable cost there 
is apt to be a much lower labor turnover than 
in localities where only a limited few can own 
homes and where the word home means little 
more than a roof overhead. 

Some manufacturers consider this ques¬ 
tion of homes such a vital interest to their 
industrial success that they have located their 
factories where they could build up com¬ 
munities of their employees and where every 
head of a family could have a home of 
his own. 

There is sufficient land in the Upper 
Mohawk Valley for a large number of manu¬ 
facturers to carry out the individual industry 
community plan and still have at their com¬ 
mand the other essentials which this Valley 
possesses in such abundance. 

As you read there must come to you an 
appreciation that there must be a far lower 
turnover in a community where living condi¬ 
tions are ideal and your experience has taught 
you that when labor turnover can be brought 
to the minimum there is a decided lowering in 
production costs. Men and women who live 
in comfortable homes are much less apt to be 
transient workers than those who live in 
crowded tenements or lodging houses. But 
workers do not spend all their time when away 
from work at their homes, as we all know. 

Another type of workman's home. Living conditions 
of this kind make a contented, prosperous community 


w 



20 















.1 few of the many beautiful homes of the Upper Mohawk 
Valley. They arc shown in proof of our statement that this 
section is an ideal one for homeseekers. This is doubly 
significant when one remembers its many industrial advan¬ 
tages and business opportunities. While these residences 
are all located in Utica, the largest city in the Valley, the 
other towns and cities possess quite a number of fine, sub¬ 
stantial, homes and the countryside has many attractive 
rural homes in beautiful grounds. Such a section, in¬ 
habited as it is by such a substantial citizenry, so alive 
with the spirit of progress and accomplishment, and so 
favored with natural beauty, cannot help but attain a high 
place in the nation s Who's Who. You will notice as 
you look at these pictures that each represents an ideal 
American home, for all these homes are detached homes, 
set apart one from the other, and with lawns landscaped 
in keeping with the personal desires of the respective 
owners. Desirable sites for other mansion-like homes 
arc awaiting you in the Upper Mohawk Valley 









































T REX TON FALLS HYDRO-ELECTRIC STATION 

This station is located on the West Canada Creek at Trenton Falls, lj miles north of Utica, X. Here the stream 
drops dozen over a series of four falls, ranging from eleven feet to sixty-three feet in height, in a limestone gorge with pre¬ 
cipitous walls reaching a maximum height of one hundred eighty feet. By means of a sixty-foot concrete dam across the 
gorge above the falls, and two pipe lines leading from the dam down past the falls to the power house in the lower gorge, a gross 
head of 272 feet is developed in a distance of three-quarters of a mile. The total capacity of the seven units is 35,1/00 
horsepower,of which 5,1/00 horsepower,in four units,was installed in 1900 and 1901. The remaining three units with a 
total capacity of 27,750 horsepower were installed in 1917 and succeeding years. The picture shows the modern power 
plant as it now stands. Just to give the reader some idea of the importance of this plant in a time of stress zee only 
have to go back to the period dziring the World War. Through those years, when every driving force available zi'as 
pressed into service; when every atom of energy, both human and electrical, was conserved to the end that formerly 
unheard-of feats in manufacture and preparation might be encompassed, one of the first things our National Govern¬ 
ment did was to contract with certain manzzfacturing companies and certain sozirces of power to operate them. 
Among the earliest of these tivo classes of industrial enterprises to be so contracted with zvere the tzvo plants, Rem¬ 
ington Arms Company at Ilion, which made the Browning gun, and The Savage Arms Company at Utica, which 
made the Lewis gun. The power reqziired to operate these plants zvas in the Valley and close at hand. It zvas 
this plant yozi see here, the Hydro-Electric Plant of the Utica Gas <£• Electric Company at Trenton Falls, which 
supplied a large part of the power reqziired in the making of war materials. All during those trying years, United 
States troops zvere stationed at every strategic point to insure its continued operation. Now, the war is over and 
America and her Allies emerged triumphant in a just cause. The tzvo implements of zvar just mentioned played 
a very important part in that victory. The Upper Mohawk Valley again justified its claim to commercial supremacy 



qo 


























“All work and no play makes Jack a dull 
boy” is an industrial fact as well as an old 
saying and holds true regardless of Jack’s age. 
Business hasn’t a place for dullards and only 
uses them when better heads cannot be se¬ 
cured. During the last few years large manu¬ 
facturing concerns of the United States have 
given large sums of money as well as a great 
deal of time and thought toward improving 
the social conditions of their employees. 
These manufacturers have come to recognize 
that recreation is re-creation and that the 
business of keeping workers fit through play 
is just as important as keeping workers true 
to a task through supervision. 

The tennis courts, the athletic fields, the 
community centers, the gymnasiums, the club 
houses and other social and recreational fea¬ 
tures which one sees at so many industrial 
plants is proof that American business men 
thoroughly believe in giving their employees 
every opportunity to enjoy a good time and 
through the enjoyment receive a personal 
benefit which will make better men and 
better women. 

What most of us do with our time between 
the hours when we finish our day’s work and 
the hours when it comes time for us to sleep 
depends greatly on what there is an oppor¬ 
tunity to do. If we live in crowded com¬ 
munities where there are few, if any, provisions 
for true recreation we naturally turn to such 
means of pleasure as are at hand; and, while 
these pleasures may not be destructive, they 
are generally negative. If we live where there 
is an opportunity to enjoy six or eight hours in 
the open we develop a desire for constructive 
pleasures which are positive, keeping us 
healthful in both body and mind. 

The Upper Mohawk Valley is a great play¬ 
ground within itself. It is a beautiful country 
of historic grandeur. For over a hundred 
years travelers, writers and poets have come 
to the land of the Mohawks to see its moun¬ 
tains and hills, its rocky gorges and its beauti¬ 
ful waterfalls. Every turn in the road between 
one city and another, yes, every turn in the 
road between villages and hamlets, brings a 
new pleasure to the eye and with it all 
practically every spot is connected with 
history or legend satisfying the most en¬ 
thusiastic sentimentalist and exciting the 
deeper emotions of the studious. 

To appreciate the beautiful in the high 
arts, to grasp the beautiful in written words. 


or to detect the beautiful in musical notes 
requires a cultured taste, a certain developed 
sense of selection, but to enjoy the beautiful 
in nature is something which nature itself 
seems to have given us all. 

There are not just one or two outing spots 
in the Upper Mohawk Valley. There is a 
different spot for every day in the year and a 
new spot daily for years to come. Yes, the 
Upper Mohawk Valley is a place of all-year- 
round outdoor sport. Every man and every 
woman with the real love for the out-of-doors 
will find here an opportunity to enjoy their 
own particular form of recreation and also 
learn the thrills of other sports denied them 
in other localities. Men and women who have 
never appreciated what it means to get out 
in the open will come to love this land and its 
great outdoors. 

It is a wonderful country for the head of a 
great industry. It is equally a delightful 
homeland for the executives. It is a paradise 
indeed for the wage worker. People who live 
in the Valley of the Mohawk will not willingly 
leave for other parts on the merest pretext. 

The Adirondack Mountains are to the 
north of the Mohawk Valley and it is only a 
few short miles to the heart of this great play¬ 
ground. The Deerfield Hills, which are part 
of the north section of the City of Utica, are 
foothills of this famous range. 

The Mohawk Valley is historic ground. 
You can make Americans where America was 
made. The old landmarks of the past are 
being preserved to stand as a constant re¬ 
minder to coming generations that it cost 
something to make us a nation and that it is 
well worth the cost to keep our freedom. 

When the average worker owns his home 
he not only evidences real thrift, but he be¬ 
comes a potential capitalist, with an entirely 
different outlook on industrial and social con¬ 
ditions. He is not only thrifty and willing 
to place his savings in the banks, to follow the 
advice of his employers or bankers and invest 
his surplus in sound local securities, but he 
also appreciates that he is making a profit 
from his labor and is more willing to do his 
best than the man who cannot see the tan¬ 
gible results of his toil. 

The Upper Mohawk Valley, then, has all 
the essentials which are generally taken into 
consideration in a scientific study of factory 
location. It has an ideal geographical loca¬ 
tion when the inter-relation of markets, dis- 







»i s r.Koi uiiicM. sr»;\F.Y 


PROFESSIONAL PAPER 111 PI ATE III 



EXPLANATION 


I N Tf RCONNC C TING NtTWOB". 

TRANSMISSION LINES TROM REMOTE POWER SOURCES 
INTERCONNECTING NETWORK REINFORCEMCNT DUE TO 
ST LAWRCNCE AND NIAGARA POWER 
TRANSMISSION LINES PROPOSED FROM ST LAWRENCE 
AND NIAGARA IN 193? 

LOAD CENTER 

LOAD CENTER AND STEAM-ELECTRIC PLANT 
STFAM-ELECTR'C PLANT 
HYDROELECTRIC PLANT 
SWITCHING STATION NOT AT LOAD CCNTCR 


The Superpower System, as outlined in this report and as detailed 
by an elaborate survey of the power systems of the Eastern States, 
sets forth a plan of so interlinking these power systems that any 
given section will at all times have sufficient power. The Upper 
Mohawk Valley, through the Utica Gas & Electric Company, 
has such a power at the present, and, while not following the super 
plan in all the details, has formed an arrangement with other 
power interests which assures an even poiver load at all times. 
The map from the report shows Utica as a load center and dis¬ 
tributing point of power from the proposed St. Lawrence River 
development. However, highest quality poiver is assured all 
industries of the Upper Mohawk Valley, without the suggestions 
of this survey being placed in effect 




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HA NSM IS SION SYSTEM FOR 
SUPERPOWER SYSTEM. 1930 































tribution and population are carefully 
charted. It has unequalled transportation 
and shipping facilities. It has an abun¬ 
dance of available lands so that it cannot only 
provide the sites for a large number of indus¬ 
tries, with sufficient reserve for future expan¬ 
sion of each industry, but it can also provide 
lands for the homes of the workers without 
the necessity of building other than single or 
detached dwellings and it is a beautiful land 
with unlimited means of healthful recreation 
and pleasure. Yet, there is one more 
essential for your consideration, the one great 
essential that, when joined to the others, 
forms the strong foundation upon which to 
lay the claim that the Upper Mohawk Valley 
will soon be the great industrial center of the 
United States. 

This basic essent ial is POWER. It is 
taken as granted that the majority of the 
industries which will locate in the Upper 
Mohawk Valley will closely resemble the fac¬ 
tories now located in this district in that, while 
they will be greatly diversified in the nature 
of their respective products, they will be alike 
in the high quality of these products, and it 
is recognized by technically trained produc¬ 
tion experts that to economically produce the 
highest quality of manufactured goods re¬ 


quires a power which is measured by quality 
as well as by quantity. 

There was a time when if any thought 
were given to the cost of power it consisted 
in trying to determine it at the coal pile, or 
at the meter as it came into the plant, and 
then distributing this assumed cost over the 
entire production at so much per square foot 
of floor space: measuring it in bulk and pur¬ 
chasing by quantity. Nowadays, power, like 
every other phase of factory cost, is measured 
in terms of a given operation or the finished 
product: here is where power should be pur¬ 
chased by quality. 

It is common practice in cost finding and 
cost distribution to charge against each 
department or against each machine a given 
part of the general overhead to cover the floor 
space occupied; with this general overhead go 
other specific costs peculiar to the industry 
or the individual organization and to these 
is added the labor cost of the given operation. 
A careful study of the subject will show that 
the quality of power is closely associated with 
all the other production costs and that the 
quality can lower or increase these costs. 

It is evident that it is impossible in a 
general discussion such as this to enter into 
specific details as the figures which could be 


.4 view of part of the business section of Rome. Rome is the center of the copper wire and tubing industry of the United 
States. Its many large plants that make copper and brass products insure a thriving business community. The city has 
a cosmopolitan shopping district with many up-to-date stores. It has trolley connections with the other cities up and doum 
the Valley. It is growing rapidly and fast becoming one of the most important cities of the section 






















The old Court House at Whiteshoro, built when this vil¬ 
lage was the county seat of half of the State of New York 


used would necessarily be arbitrary and so 
of little value. All that can be done is to 
cover the subject in a theoretical manner and 
then offer to prove the theory to anyone in 
authority in any industry with data arranged 
in keeping with his individual problem. 

Space is worth so much a square foot, the 
machine has a value estimated by operation 
or by hour and labor is worth so much an hour. 
When the machine can be kept at full capacity 
production every work hour the other 
costs are held at a minimum, but if the machine 
is operated at less than capacity through in¬ 
sufficient power, or through non-uniformity of 
power, or if it is idle through the failure of 
power supply, all the other costs are thereby 
increased. 

The full capacity of machines can only 
be received where they are moved by the high¬ 
est quality of power. Let the power load 
fluctuate several times during the day for 
short periods or drop considerably during a 
given period and there is necessarily a loss in 
production. Power, to be efficient, must not 
only be adequate, but it must be uniform in 
quantity and dependable at all times. 

Power cost is a very small item in the 
average production costs. It is often not 
more than one per cent and seldom more than 
four per cent and yet it can affect the other 
costs as greatly as fifty per cent. 

The power which is making the Upper 
Mohawk Valley supreme in industry is not 
only practically unlimited in quantity, but it 
is produced and distributed in such a manner 
that it is highest-quality power. 

When you come to Utica to investigate 
the possibilities of the Upper Mohawk Valley 
we will show you the present hydro-electric 
generating stations and the high-tension 


systems whereby this power is distributed over 
the Valley and the adjoining districts. Then 
we will take you to our steam plant at Wash¬ 
ington Street Station in Utica, and into the 
Chief Load Dispatcher’s room. You will then 
appreciate that we manufacture power, that 
we take the power confined in water and coal, 
raw power, turn it into electric energy, refine 
it and distribute it in the form of the highest- 
quality power. If you wish us to do so we will 
take you to one or more great industries where 
you can see this power applied and you will 
then realize that power is not estimated at the 
meter, but in the finished manufactured 
product which was made through the utiliza¬ 
tion of this power. 

You will also appreciate that the L'pper 
Mohawk Valley has sufficient available raw 
power that when it is refined and distributed 
will supply any power demand which may 
develop within the territory. 

Come to Utica! You will be welcomed 
by the business organizations of the Upper 
Mohawk Valley, and given every opportunity 
to verify the claims set forth in this Brief. 

Come to Utica! And when you come, 
make the Utica Gas & Electric Company 
your headquarters. We are a public utility 
company and we are here for the purpose of 
serving you. 

Write us for any information you may 
desire regarding Utica or the Upper Mohawk 
Valley. We will see that your letter is placed 
in the hands of the organization or the indi¬ 
vidual most competent to reply and that you 
receive the full details of your request. 

Come to LTtiea and feel the fine co-opera¬ 
tive business spirit which is making this sec¬ 
tion of the country the greatest industrial 
district of the United States. 


The old mill site stands as a reminder of what has been 
accomplished in power development in a few short years 



26 




























The Cities and Towns of the Upper 

Mohawk Valley 


N WHITING the story of 
a city it is customary to 
go back to the man who 
first came along the way 
where the city stands and 
then tell of the people 
who first built homes in 
the vicinity. We would 
do this, too, if we were 
writing a history, but we 
are not historians; we are busy men, and so 
we are writing to you in the same way that 
we would talk to you if we were sitting in 
your office or visiting with you in your library. 
This is not a history—it is an open discussion; 
or, better still, a conversation placed in type 
setting forth the present assets of the com¬ 
munities of the Upper Mohawk Valley as 
they relate to industry and to the men and 
women who create industry through that 
wonderfully productive and inseparable com¬ 
bination of resources called labor and capital. 

We can use the same formula in judging 
the worth of a community that we would use 
in judging the worth of a business enterprise. 
If a given business house has always met its 
commercial obligations in the past, is meeting 
them promptly at the present and has the 
visible wherewithal to meet them in the 
future it can be set down as solvent. If a 
city has always met its obligations to organ¬ 
ized society, if it is meeting them today, and 
if there is every evidence that it will continue 
to meet them, it. too, can be written down as 
solvent. 

Here are the assets of Utica, New York. 
These assets prove it is absolutely and abun¬ 
dantly able and perfectly willing to meet all 
obligations to society for all time to come. 

The first asset of Utica is its places of 
worship: Its seventy beautiful churches, 

representing thirteen different denominations, 
stand as a perpetual sign that the one great 
essential is there. Without religious organi¬ 
zations to afford the opportunity to worship 
for all its people a community would be bank¬ 
rupt regardless of what other facilities for 
every other function of mankind were listed 
as among its possessions. All the leading 
faiths of the Christian religion have houses of 


worship in Utica and the adherents of the 
Jewish faith have four synagogues. The new¬ 
comer to the city can easily find a church home 
where friends of like mind will bid him wel¬ 
come. 

In importance of value to the commu¬ 
nity the school comes second only to the 
church. The public school system of Utica 
includes kindergarten, grammar, vocational 
and high school courses. There are twenty- 
six schools, including one high school, giving 
classical, technical and vocational training; 
one part-time school for employed pupils; and 
twenty-four grade schools. The system in¬ 
cludes three open-air schools, nine classes 
giving special training to mentally defective 
children, and has a special force of twelve 
teachers of music, ten teachers of drawing, 
seven in domestic science, seven in manual 
training, five instructors in health and 
hygiene and four doctors giving medical inspec¬ 
tions. The faculty includes seventy-eight 
teachers in the high school and four hundred 

Grace Church , Utica, whose lofty spire can be seen from 

far out in the countryside, and tells the beholder that a 
city is near 


A 












The l tica Free Academy was built at a cost of $250,000. In 1797 Joseph Dana kept the first school in Utica. The build¬ 
ing which he used is afar cry from this modern fireproof building of today. This fine High School is in answer to Utica's 

rapid growth and a barometer of the value of her future citizens 


and forty-seven teachers in the grade schools, 
including principals and supervisors. 

There are seventeen hundred students in 
the high school and fourteen thousand five 
hundred pupils in the grade schools. 

The property value, including land, build¬ 
ings and equipment is five million dollars and 
one million two hundred thousand dollars 
were expended for maintenance of the school 
system in 1922. 

In addition to the public schools there 
are seventeen private schools in the city, in¬ 
cluding parochial schools and two commercial 
institutes. 

There are two institutions of higher learn¬ 
ing in such close proximity to Utica that they 
can both be considered as part of the city’s 
educational facilities. These are Hamilton 
College, at Clinton, about ten miles from 
Utica, named after Alexander Hamilton, and 
founded by Samuel Kirkland, a missionary to 
the Indians, who originally established a school 
for Indians; and Colgate University, located 
at Hamilton, thirty miles from Utica. 

The public library system of a city should 
be considered as a part of the educational facil¬ 
ities, as its first purpose is to strengthen the 
intellectual life of the people. The public 
library of Utica is as old as the city itself. It 
came into existence the year that the city was 
incorporated. Thirty years ago the library 


contained about ten thousand volumes. 
Today it has one hundred and eight thousand 
volumes and a circulation close to four hun¬ 
dred thousand books a year. There are branch 
libraries and a special service to schools. It 
is now costing about seventy thousand dollars 
a year to maintain these libraries. 

A free church and a free school must have 
a free press, so the third asset of Utica is its 
daily newspapers. 

Utica has two daily newspapers. The 
Utica Observer-Dispatch, published evenings 
and Sundays and having a circulation of 
thirty-eight thousand copies, and the Utica 
Daily Press, a morning newspaper with a 
circulation of thirty thousand. About one- 
third of the circulation of each of these papers 

The Public Library, Utica. The city has always had a 
library. The people of this city realize the immense value 
of a liberal education and to that end they hare here 
over a hundred thousand volumes 



























If education is the mother of progress, surely 
she should have a thriving family in the Upper 
Mohawk. With such institutions of learning 
as Colgate and Hamilton, situated as they are 
so close to the cities of the Valley, no young 
person in these communities need go unlearned. 
This page shows some of the beautiful buildings 
and grounds of these two schools. Amid such, 
and breathing the atmosphere of a great past 
and expectant future, the young mind cannot 
fail to make the most of such wonderful oppor¬ 
tunities. These institutions, many of whose 
Alumni have been and are known to the world 
through their contributions to the arts and 
sciences, or whose in rent ire gen ins has given some 
contribution to civilization, or whose ability in 
the world of business has created work and a 
livelihood for thousands, are among our country's 
foremost citizens 















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Without the public press our country today would be at a standstill; without our daily newspapers civilization would become 
stagnant. It is the truth that makes us free and it is the newspapers that free the truth. The local newspapers bring the 
world to our doors and papers throughout the world take us to the doors of others thousands of miles away. Without 
newspapers, the greatest of all educational forces, ice would make little progress, for water cannot rise higher than its 
source and civilization cannot rise higher than the intelligence of the great mass. Newspapers are leaders of thought, 
not because they assume the function of the teacher, but because they gather the facts of everyday life and place these 
facts before the public so the public can judge as it will. The Upper Mohawk Valley is now a great industrial center 
and the newspapers of the communities of the Valley have played no small part in the common task of making it such. 
It will soon be the great industrial center of the United States, and the newspapers of the district. The Evening Times of Little 
Falls, The Utica Daily Dress and The Utica Observer-Dispatch of Utica and the Rome Daily Sentinel, will be the principal 
agency in bringing this about because these daily publications and the weekly publications in the Valley will keep all the 
facts of the industrial progress of all the communities before all the people. The newspapers are always willing to co-operate 
with the leaders in every forward movement and it is the newspapers which are broadcasting the slogan: ‘'Not only a 
greater but a better Upper Mohawk ValleyThe daily and weekly publications of the Valley will take the news of 
the industrial progress of the district to over two hundred thousand people. They will not only tell these people what 
has been done and what is being done, but they will tell the people what must be done to make the Upper Mohawk 
Valley the greatest industrial center of the United States; the people, reading and believing, udll see this great work is 
carried out with nothing left undone. This is the true power of the press and a power which all clear-thinking people 
desire to see increase. It is optional with a man if he buys and reads the national weekly papers or the magazines, but it 
is necessary and practically compulsory for him to read his local daily paper if he is to perform the bounden duties of a citizen 














The ( hurch House of the First Presbyterian Church, Utica. Built at 
an original cost of Sit50,000, it is of bricl: and cut stone and after the 
colonial style. Here are held the various gatherings, socials and 
benefits of the various church societies. The insert shows the new church 
now in course of erection. It is located on beautiful Genesee Street, one 
of l tica s prettiest residential streets and when completed will form one 
of the finest church properties in the United States 


is to the other cities and villages of the Upper 
Mohawk Valley and to the cities at the north. 
Both the newspapers of Utica are constructive 
publications, printing the news of the world 
and the nation in association with the news 
of local and territorial interest. They are 
metropolitan in appearance and policy, yet 
essentially family papers, as both avoid the 
sensational known as “yellow journalism.” 

The newspapers of Utica are not only 
metropolitan in arrangement and character of 
news printed, but they are cosmopolitan, 
truly serving the great mass of people and 
carrying into the homes a constant inspiration 
of a bigger and better Utica and a larger and 
more useful Upper Mohawk Valley. The 
papers of Utica type the best in American 
journalism and, therefore, are an asset to the 
community. 

If you were making an audit to find the 
true worth of a city, what would you next put 
down? It seems to us that after you had re¬ 
ceived its qualifications to sustain and advance 
the spiritual life and the intellectual thought 
of the community you would ask for informa¬ 
tion relating to those organizations which 


contribute to the comfort, the health and the 
safety of the people as a whole. 

The first necessity to all of us alike is an 
adequate supply of pure, clear water. The 
histories of early mankind tell us that the 
ancients recognized this need and the ruins 
of what were once great cities show that one 
of the first engineering problems which man 

This famous stone, called the Indian or Oneida Stone, 
was the sacred stone of this tribe. The warriors of the 
tribe used this stone to split their ears on in preparing 
for battle and also placed their enemies' scalps upon it 



.‘51 






















TOWN OF DEERFIELD 



Map of the City of I’tica and surrounding townships. Since the 1920 Federal census was taken the city has grown remark¬ 
ably fast. In three years it has added over eight square miles to its territory and increased its population about ten thousand 
people. This expansion is readily explained. The many natural advantages it possesses and the great industrial 
handicaps it holds over other regions have all combined to bring it about. Then, too, its citizens believe in its future and are 
working toward a Utica of three hundred thousand people by 19^0. Its manufacturing plants are not confined to one section 
and yet do not encroach upon the residential sections of the city. Its beautiful homes and home districts are secure against 
the noise and dust of its industries. The city is so situated that it can develop in any direction without becoming congested 






























































































One of the reservoirs for city water supply owned by The Consolidated Water Company of Utica, which is the largest public 
utility of this nature in New York State. Eighty-five per cent of the water supplied the Valley is derived from the north¬ 
ern watershed, that is, the foothills of the Adirondacks 


ever solved was the building of aqueducts to 
supply the people of these cities with water. 

These primitive engineers built great 
ditches, canals, and even pipe lines to lakes in 
the hills and to mountain streams, so the water 
would flow r to the homes of the people in the 
plains or the valleys. The water came down 
by gravity and there is evidence that in a 
few instances it was piped into homes in not a 
greatly different manner than we receive our 
supply today. The water supply of Utica, 
New York, comes in the same way. Modern 
engineering methods, with a modern system 
of storage, control and distribution are used, 
but the water flows through the pipes as it 
comes down from the hills without the 
influence of any applied force. 

This water comes from the foot of the 
hills of the Adirondacks, twenty miles north 
of the city and from the hills to the south. It 
is stored in great reservoirs from two hundred 
to nine hundred feet higher than the city and 
there is an endless supply. At the present 
time it takes twelve millions of gallons every 


twenty-four hours to supply Utica and the 
adjoining communities. The demand could 
be ten times as great and the supply would be 
adequate, as additional pipe lines would be all 
that is necessary. 

Two hundred and twenty miles of mains 
are now used to distribute the water to over 
sixteen thousand users. More mains will be 
constructed as fast as service demands. 

This pure, clear water from an inex¬ 
haustible source is distributed by the Con¬ 
solidated Water Company of Utica. The 
service rendered the public places it among the 
assets of the city or, rather, the community. 

The fire department of Utica answered 
five hundred and seventy alarms during 1922. 
Of these alarms, four hundred and ninety- 
seven were actual fires. The fire loss for the 
year was two hundred and eightv-seven 
thousand dollars on property having a total 
insurance valuation of over five million 
seven hundred thousand dollars. Over two- 
thirds of the entire fire loss was caused by 
nine fires in which the loss exceeded five 


One type of street car operated on the city streets of Utica. This car is of the Peter Witt type, with wide, double doors at 
front used only for entering the car and double doors at side which are used as exits. This saves time to the operators 

and affords a great deal of comfort to patrons 










































The above 'picture is from the architect's drawing and is 
the Scottish Rite Shrine Temple. This beautiful structure 
will furnish the City of Utica with an auditorium and 
dining room sufficient to entertain its largest crowds. 
This has been sadly lacking in the past, but due to the 
progressive spirit of Utica Masons these ample accommo¬ 
dations will bring to the city gatherings and conventions, 
entailing as it does large numbers of visitors, who will 
see the Utica of today and, seeing, go forth to spread the 
fame of the “Heart of the Empire State ” 


The picture at the left is the Masonic Temple. The 
Masonic Orders of Utica believe in boosting their own city. 
They stand for a progressive city and are doing all they 
can to further the interests and works connected with 
making Utica a greater industrial center. They also 
play an important part in the charitable activities of the 
city, giving large sums to the poor, providing homes and 
asylums for the aged and infirm, and doing generally those 
things calculated to benefit the less fortunate 


34 




















































Perhaps no county in the United States boasts of a finer 
budding in which to carry on its business than Oneida 
County , of which Utica is the seat of government. This 
structure cost over a million dollars and houses the United 
States Court for the Northern District 

thousand dollars per fire. The department 
is controlled through ten stations, has one 
hundred and eighty-four call boxes and serves 
through one thousand two hundred and 
eighty-nine fire hydrants. It is a completely 
motorized organization and up to the highest 
point of efficiency. There are one hundred 
and fifty-one men in the service, including 
a chief, four deputies, thirteen captains, four¬ 
teen lieutenants, two superintendents and a 
surgeon. A fire prevention bureau, a valuable 
innovation in fire department practice, was 
put into effect in 1922. 

The police department consists of one 
hundred and twenty-two men and one matron. 
These include the chief, a deputy chief, three 
lieutenants, eleven sergeants, nine detectives, 
one finger-print expert and photographer, 
surgeon and a matron. The police are effi¬ 
ciently organized and especially well com¬ 
manded. In 1922 this department handled 
over ninety-six hundred cases of all kinds and 
recovered stolen property to a total value of 
over one hundred and ten thousand dollars. 

The people of Utica, acting collectively, 
not only place a guard over their property 
through the fire and police organizations, but 
they protect and guard the health of the com¬ 
munity. The Bureau of Health is under the 
jurisdiction of a health officer, assisted by a 
deputy, two registrars, a disinfector, a vet¬ 
erinary, five meat inspectors, two plumbing 
inspectors working through a plumbing board, 
five health nurses and three sanitary inspectors. 

Has Utica a public park system? Yes, 
Utica has seven hundred acres of parks main¬ 
tained under the direction of the Department 

35 


of Parks. The first park, Chancellor Square, 
consisting of three and a half acres, became 
the property of Utica back in the days when 
it was a village, while Steuben Park, consist¬ 
ing of one acre, was set apart from the John 
Post purchase over one hundred years ago; 
so the city, you see, has always had parks. 
Most of its great parks represent the gifts of 
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Proctor, who gave 
the city Horatio Seymour Park, consisting of 
fourteen and a half acres; Truman K. Butler 
Park and J. Thomas Spriggs Park, each con¬ 
taining a little less than an acre; Thomas R. 
Proctor Park, containing over one hundred 
acres; Roscoe Conkling Park of three hundred 
and eighty-five acres and Frederick T. Proctor 
Park. The city has several other small parks 
and has purchased from the State of New 
York the old course of the Erie Canal, which 
is to be developed into a beautiful boulevard. 

The parks of Utica are beautiful and 
restfid, not only because the city spent nearly 
one hundred thousand dollars on parks and 
playgrounds in 1922, but because the entire 
city, with the possible exception of the solid 
commercial section, can be called a park. 


Utica's City Hall, where the general business of the 
community is transacted. The splendid architecture of 
this building reminds one of some old mission 






















The character of any certain tribe or race of ancient or historic man was . and is, determined by his -places of worship. 
Here are shown the interiors of four of Utica's Churches. The city can boast of some of the finest houses of worship in the 
United States. Within such walls and amid the quiet and peacefid surroundings, the cares of the world are shed as a 
garment and man finds comfort and renewed faith and energy in life and work 


Nature made Utica, and the surrounding 
country for a hundred miles or more, one of 
the most fascinating and delightful portions of 
America, and made it in such a way that man 
hasn't been able to destroy this beauty. The 
parks of the city preserve this beauty and 
bring it within walking distance of the homes 
of Utica. The large parks, places of health 
and recreation for thousands, all the year 
furnish playgrounds for young in reality and 
those grown older in years, but young at heart. 
The average winter temperature in Utica is 
a little below the freezing point and so there 
is generally snow on the ground. The air is 
dry and brisk and it is usually pleasant out- 
of-doors; so there are thousands tobogganing, 
skiing, snowshoeing and skating, as well as 
curling. In the summer time there are all 
the sports common to Americans in the public 
parks. 

In addition to the public parks there are 
fifteen playgrounds under the direction of a 
Recreation Commission and here the chil¬ 


dren of the city play under the supervision 
of skilled trainers and developers. The parks 
and playgrounds of Utica are not only an 
asset, but one of the features of Utica upon 
which too high a value cannot be placed. 

Utica willingly meets its obligations to 
the sick, the unfortunate and those in distress. 
Through the Community Chest Committee 
the people of the city contributed two hundred 
and fifteen thousand dollars in 10*2*2 to support 
the charitable and civic organizations which 
serve the public independently of the city 
governments and whose funds must, therefore, 
come from free-will givers. The hearts of the 
people of the “Heart of New York" and their 
open pocketbooks are an inestimable asset. 

Utica, too, has fine hospitals: The Gen¬ 
eral Hospital, St. Elizabeth’s Hospital, St. 
Luke’s Home and Hospital, Faxton Hospital 
and the Homeopathic Hospital. The com¬ 
bined capacity of these hospitals is four 
hundred and eightv-five beds. In addition to 
the hospitals there is the Utica City Dispen¬ 
se) 





















Hotel Utica, located at Lafayette and Seneca Streets, is 
the largest between Albany and Syracuse. It is a thoroughly 
modern and progressive hotel, both in management and 
accommodation 


sary which was founded in 1870 and which 
pays special attention to tuberculosis, throat 
and dental cases through its clinics. 

Utica has three orphan homes. The 
Children’s Home, St. John’s Orphan Asylum 
and St. Joseph’s Infants’ Home. It also has 
the House of the Good Shepherd. These insti¬ 
tutions care for the little ones. There are four 
homes for the aged: Home for the Homeless, 
the Home for Aged Men and Couples, the 
Old Ladies’ Home and St. Luke’s Home. The 
finest thing in the story of these hospitals and 
homes of Utica is that many of them were 
founded when the city was little more than a 
small town, and the hospital or home had its 
beginning in an ordinary residence. Prac¬ 
tically all of them are housed in specially 
constructed buildings and there is not one of 
these institutions but what would be a credit 
to any city anywhere. The people of Utica 
have never been in debt to the unfortunate 
and it is evident that they never will. 

When you come to Utica for the first 
time and your friends in Utica, with a just 
pride of worth, start to tell you of the social 
assets of the city, do not be at all surprised 
if the first place they insist upon showing you 
is the Masonic Home at East Utica. This 


wonderful group of buildings, located on one 
hundred and ninety-eight acres of ground, 
affords a home for the aged and infirm Masons 
of the State, their wives and the homeless 
children of the Order. 

A new Memorial Hospital for indigent 
soldiers and sailors erected to the memory of 
the Masons who fought in the World War 
has just been constructed in connection with 
this home at a cost of a million two hundred 
thousand dollars and is the finest institution 
of its kind in the country. It costs the Masons 
of New York State over a million dollars a 
year to support this wonderfully organized 
institution. 

The Utica State Hospital has been located 
in this city since it was founded in 1836 by the 
State Legislature through the efforts of Dr. 
Charles B. Coventry and Dr. John McCall, 
two of the pioneer physicians of the Upper 
Mohawk Valley. A new hospital costing 
over four millions of dollars is now under 
course of construction on one thousand and 
twenty-five acres of land located to the west 
of the city and will eventually care for three 
thousand patients. 

Man is a sociable organism. Take away 
the fraternal and benevolent organizations, 
the clubs and societies from the average Amer- 

II of el Martin is another of Utica's up-to-date hotels. 

It has several dining rooms, mezzanine, a very attractive 
lobby and a first-class cafeteria. It is helping to spread 
the favor of Utica's progressiveness 



37 


















ican and you take away the finest character¬ 
istic Americans possess. Man is sociable and 
likes the society of other men on one general 
plane. The fraternal and benevolent socie¬ 
ties form the great common leveler. Utica, 
of course, has its fraternal and benevolent 
orders. 

Utica Lodge, No. 47, Free and Accepted 
M asons was organized in 1816, over one 
hundred years ago. Oneida Chapter, No. 57, 
Royal Arch Masons was established in 1817. 
Utica Commandery, Knights Templar, dates 
back to 18*23, while Yah-Nun-Dah-Sis Lodge 
of Perfection and Ziyara Temple, Nobles of 
the Mystic Shrine, received their charters in 
1877 and 1878, respectively. 

How the great fraternities serve the pub¬ 
lic as well as serve their respective member¬ 
ship is illustrated through the new Scottish 
Rite Shrine Temple which these two Masonic 
bodies now have under construction. This 
building, architecturally beautiful, will have 
an auditorium which will seat twelve hundred 
and forty-eight people, and a banquet hall 
which will comfortably seat at table over one 
thousand people. 

Their own announcement, “We will build 
a temple,” explains its value to the people of 
Utica when it says: “Utica is to have a mas¬ 
sive building that will house big conventions, 
accommodate the most largely attended con¬ 
certs and efficiently handle banquets where 
multitudes can be feasted and make merry.” 

There are eleven lodges of Odd Fellows 
in Utica and these lodges own two temples. 
Over one thousand seven hundred men of 
Utica belong to this order, and the associate 
order, Daughters of Rebecca, has a member¬ 
ship of eight hundred women. 

The Imperial Council Royal Arcanum of 
Utica was organized on April 1, 1878, less than 
one year after the founding of the order. 

The busy men of Utica evidence their 
belief in fraternalism as exemplified by the 
B. P. O. E. Utica Lodge of Elks, which was 
organized in Pythian Hall on May 17, 1885. 
Its charter shows it was instituted with fifty- 
eight members. This fraternal organization 
has made wonderful progress, for it not only 
has over two thousand members at the present 
time, but it has a beautiful lodgehouse and 
club. This club is open at all times and its 
dining hall service and special social events 
are thoroughly appreciated by the members 
and their families. 


One of the youngest fraternal organiza¬ 
tions in the city is Utica Council, Knights of 
Columbus, which was founded in 1806. This 
great society has two thousand seven hundred 
members in Utica and maintains an attrac¬ 
tive clubhouse which contains a complete 
gymnasium and auditorium as an annex to 
the club. 

There are nine Courts of Foresters, six 
Knights of Maccabee Tents and a large num¬ 
ber of other fraternal organizations. It is 
safe to say that if you belong to any of the 
great benevolent orders you will find your 
brothers meeting in LTtica. 

Litica has one hundred and fifty miles of 
streets. One hundred and six miles of her 
streets are paved and all streets are kept in 
first-class condition. One thousand five hun¬ 
dred street lights illuminate the city at night 
and two hundred lamps of the boulevard type 
are used in the main thoroughfares. The 
people of Utica fully appreciate that Utica is 
the center of the LTpper Mohawk Valley and 
that this Valley is destined to be the greatest 
industrial center of the Lfiiited States. The 
city authorities realized that the best time to 
plan for the expansion of the city is before the 
expansion takes place and so a plan for the 
development of the major streets has been 
made. This plan will undoubtedly be elabo¬ 
rated and carried out by the people of Utica 
and the adjoining communities, thus provid¬ 
ing the city and the neighboring corporations 
with main thoroughfares which will take care 
of all traffic and without congestion regard’ess 
of the future growth of this area. The ability 
to see ahead and plan now how to serve future 
needs is an asset to Utica. 

AY hen you come to Utica for the first time 
and step into the Union Station you look 
with surprise at this attractive structure, one 
of the finest railroad buildings in the country 
and the largest in the state outside of New 
York City, and you say to yourself: “Utica 
must be a railroad center.” You make in¬ 
quiry and you find that your impression is 
correct, for five railroads leading north into 
the mountains and resort country and into 
Canada and Montreal and Ottawa, east and 
west from coast to coast, and to the New 
England States, south into the coal fields of 
Pennsylvania and east to New Jersey use this 
station. 

You take a cab and drive to one of Utica’s 
splendidly appointed hotels and then decide 


38 








The views on this page are of some of Utica's parks and 
playgrounds. The city is fortunate in that it possesses, 
among its citizens, people who can afford to give the city 
sufficient land and money to make possible the extension 
of the park and playground system of the city, which is so 
necessary to any urban community. Some idea of the 
beauty of these parks of Utica and of the usefulness of the 
playgrounds can be gained by a study of this page. What 
it costs a city per year to maintain such places pays back 
large dividends in the gain of healthy, sturdy children. 
A large part of a child's early education is derived from the 
things it sees and lives among. Cities growing larger 
and larger necessarily have busier streets and so, where 
once the neighborhood children gathered on the earner 
to play, they must now be provided with places where 
the motor truck is not allowed. That the youngsters enjoy 
these places is evident from the pictures shown above 



29 


























.111 



The Union Station of Utica is one of the finest in the 
country. One can see that such a large and expensive 
building could only justify itself where there is sufficient 
demand by a traveling and shipping public. Utica is, 
you must remember, the “Heart of the Empire State,' arid 
many lines radiate from this city to all parts of the country. 
It is anticipated that the near future will see Utica an 
important terminal. This will come about through 
what is known as the Albany cut-off and the electrification 
of the New York Central lines between Harmon and 
Buffalo. This will give an electrified system from 
Buffalo to New York City. Such a change will bring 
about 30,000 employees and their families to Utica 
























































to go out and inspect the city. You walk 
along the three miles of streets which traverse 
the business section of the city and look at 
the display windows in the various stores. 
In these store windows and in the well- 
arranged and attractive showrooms into which 
you later wander you see the best merchandise 
the country otters marked at reasonable 
figures. Then you find yourself thinking 
very favorably of Utica and its merchants 
and you are impelled by these fine impressions 
to remark to one of the business men: “This 
is a real city. You have everything here 
which can be found anywhere. You can tell 
a city by its retail section and your stores 
equal those of the great business centers. 
You have good street car service that I would 
say serves every part of the city, for I see the 
tracks lead in every direction. I notice, too, 
that interurban cars put you in touch with a 
large section of the state. There is everything 
in Utica which one expects to find only in the 
great metropolitan centers. How large a city 
is Utica, anyway?” 

This business man, any business man in 
Utica, will tell you in reply that Utica is a 


Metropolitan Center, the Metropolis of central 
New York State. He will have every right to 
agree with you and accept your compliments 
on behalf of the people of the city because he 
knows you are telling the truth. He will tell 
you a great deal more than we are telling you 
in this short conversation and you will leave 
the city with the same pleasant impression 
that you first received. 

The Federal Census of 1920 credits Utica 
with having ten and a half square miles of 
territory and a population of ninety-four 
thousand. The city now has a territory of 
eighteen and eight-tenths square miles and its 
population is estimated at one hundred and 
four thousand people. 

The following figures taken from the 
Census Records show the growth of Utica: 


1850. 

.17,565 

1860. 

.22,529 

1870. 

.28,804 

1880. 

.33,914 

1890. 

.44,007 

1900. 

.56,383 

1910. 

.74,419 

1920. 

.94,156 


Utica's Chamber of Com¬ 
merce has been in existence 
for over twenty-five years. 
This civic institution has 
ever been the leader in public 
improvements, in matters 
seeking to promote a larger, 
a more progressive Utica, and 
has always kept the outside 
world informed on the advan¬ 
tages to be had in the Mohawk 
Valley 

The Chamber of Commerce is 
officered by the big, public- 
spirited men of the city, rec¬ 
ognized leaders in industry, 
finance and civic progress. 
Under such guidance the 
future of Utica is assured 



41 
































- ! l l " , ""g 


Cm* 



& • 


The home of the Utica Council, Knights of Columbus, was established in 1S96. Since that time the members of this pro¬ 
gressive organization have spared no effort nor missed any opportunity to do good to their city. As a body they stand for 
everything conducive to the good of the common weal; contribute liberally to the causes of charity and support vigorously 

any movement calculated to increase Utica’s greatness at home and abroad 


Statistical engineers, using these figures 
as the basis of their estimates, and taking in¬ 
to consideration the ever increasing percent¬ 
age of year to year development in the Upper 
Mohawk Valley, forecast that Utica will have 
a population of one hundred and eighty thou¬ 
sand by 1930 and well over the three hundred 
thousand mark in 1940. 

There are twenty-three thousand families 
in Utica and these families occupy fifteen 
thousand dwellings. There are a few apart¬ 
ment buildings, for practically the entire 
population is housed in detached residences 
or two-family homes. There are not any 
buildings of the tenement type. Rent rates 
are comparatively low in Utica. 

Utica is two hundred and thirty-six 
miles from New York City and two hundred 
and two miles from Buffalo. It is located in 
practically the geographical center of the 
state and is commonly called the “Heart of 
New York State.” It is but five hours from 
Utica to the seaboard and New England, Penn¬ 
sylvania and New Jersey. It is only six 
hours to Ohio and to Canada, and so its geo¬ 
graphical location is an asset. 


Utica is served by six railways leading in 
every direction, by the New York State 
Barge Canal System and through improved 
public highways. It is doubtful if any other 
city of the same magnitude has better trans¬ 
portation facilities or even possesses the equal 
of Utica's. 

The pioneer settlers, those who located 
in the Upper Mohawk Valley in the seventeen 
hundreds and those who came in the early 
part of the nineteenth century, were 
general farmers and grain raisers; but with 
the coming of the Erie Canal in 18 l Z5 they 
found that they could not compete with the 
grain farmers of the West, so in looking for a 
profitable agriculture industry they took up 
dairy farming. It is well they did, for in so 
doing they furnished Utica with another asset. 
It is now the greatest cheese market in the 
United States. It is the home of the famous 
Dairymen’s League, a co-operative organiza¬ 
tion which pools and controls the sale of milk 
and which manufactures and sells milk and 
its products for the farmers of the surrounding 
country. This organization, which is rapidly 
extending over the eastern section of the 


42 

















































country, employs four hundred and twenty- 
five people at its Utica headquarters and does 
a business of almost eighty millions of dollars 
a year. 

A city without a Chamber of Commerce 
is like an automobile without a steering wheel; 
it may run, but it will run at random. There 
are many things in the industry which can be 
better performed through collective action 
than they can be through individual effort. 
To correlate all these industrial movements 
so the greatest efficiency may be secured is 
the function of the Chamber of Commerce. 
Utica has such an organization with a mem¬ 
bership of eleven hundred which fully repre¬ 
sents the combined business interests of the 
city. The list of the standing committees, 
which includes one on industrial affairs, one 
on legislative affairs, one on municipal affairs, 
and a committee on transportation, is evidence 
that this organization of business men not 
only serves its members, but that it also serves 
the community. 

The Utica Chamber of Commerce main¬ 
tains offices in its own building, under the 
direction of its secretary, and employs a staff 
of ten people, including a commissioner of trans¬ 
portation and a credit bureau commissioner, 
who are constantly at the service of the mem¬ 


bers. The publication of the Chamber of 
Commerce, “Greater Utica,” which carries 
this slogan at its masthead, “A monthly 
magazine dedicated to the City of Utica, its 
people, the hinterland, and those vast work¬ 
shops and playgrounds of nature—the Adiron¬ 
dack Mountains and the Thousand Islands 
of which region Utica is the logical metrop¬ 
olis,” also proves that this great civic and 
industrial body is an asset to the city. 

Not only does the Utica Chamber of Com¬ 
merce serve the people of Utica, but it is organ¬ 
ized to serve the general business interests of 
the country in giving to the public, the press, 
and to industries any information regarding 
Utica and the surrounding industrial district. 

One cannot catalog all the ways in which 
the great luncheon clubs, such as the Rotary 
Club, the Kiwanis Club, the Exchange Club, 
the Ivirotex or the Zonta Club serve the busy 
men who hold memberships in them, but if 
they did nothing more than pass on to each 
man some knowledge of how the other men 
work they would serve a great purpose. They 
do better than this—they keep alive the fine 
spirit of practical co-operation in helping one 
another. They do this wonderfully well in 
Utica, for this city has all these clubs and 
they form five distinct assets. 


The Citizens Trust Co., Utica, showing its fine building at night, lighted by flood lamps. While this institution is 
among the youngest in point of time, it is in the front rank of financial houses in the Valley. This growth has come 
about through the relationship maintained with the public. It has striven to make its patrons feel free to talk over their 

problems and has endeavored to give to all a warm, friendly welcome 
















































































rrrrr 


lliP* 

rr rru 

T"»4 * i Im 

IIL 

; VY* 1 » r ■ 

if — 

Ml 

gr 


t OJH 

pu ■ 


Among the obligations encumbent upon a city is the necessity of taking proper care of the sick, housing the destitute and 
protecting homeless children. That the City of Utica is meeting all obligations is attested by the institutions shown here. 
At the top is the Utica Orphan Asylum, next is the House of the Good Shepherd and at the bottom is St. Luke's Hospital 


44 





















Back of the churches of Utica, back of 
the schools of Utica, the maintenance of the 
highways, the railway traffic, the parks, the 
homes and all the other assets are the manu¬ 
facturing organizations. 

There are four hundred plants in Utica, 
large and small. There are over eighty 
millions of dollars invested in these organiza¬ 
tions and the production is valued at over 
seventy millions of dollars annually. These 
four hundred plants employ over twenty 
thousand workers and the combined annual 
payroll is twenty millions of dollars in round 
numbers. 

What do the factories of Utica produce? 
In answering this question allow us first to 
say that the Upper Mohawk Valley is not a 
raw material center. Outside of milk from the 
farms which is worked into dairy products, 
some wood from not a great distance which is 
worked into paper pulp, and the raw power 
from the streams which is converted into 
quality power for the machines, the raw ma¬ 
terials used in Utica have to come from other 
sections of the country and other parts of the 
world. Utica is a city of fabricators—men 
and women highly skilled in their respective 
crafts, who take these raw materials from 
other parts of the country and work them up 
into the highest quality of the common neces¬ 
sities of life. 

Fishing rods are made in Utica and these 
rods are known throughout the civilized 
world. Fire-alarm boxes and police-call sys¬ 
tems are made in Utica and so are metal 
emblems. One-tenth of all the knit under¬ 
wear made in the United States is manufac- 

This large arid attractive building is the 
home of the Utica Lodge, B. P. 0. E., 
which live and friendly organization 
numbers among the membership a large 
body of those Uticans who believe in 
a better city, a more progressive city and 
a more attractive city. To this organiza¬ 
tion is also due a large part of the 
charitable work carried on within the 
community. One cannot find in this 
city another group of men which pos¬ 
sesses more enthusiasm for a greater 
Mohawk Valley than the Elks. A 
striking illustration of their thoughtful¬ 
ness of the poor children of Utica is their 
annual Christmas tree, holding a gift 
of usefulness for each of the children. 

It costs a goodly sum and is financed 
within its own membership. Visiting 
Brothers to this lodge find a ready wel¬ 
come and a warm greeting awaiting 
them as well as a spirit of true good- 
fellowship 

■Vi 


tured in Utica, and the leading brand of bed 
sheeting and pillowcases is also made in this city. 

The manufacture of metal beds is one of 
the leading industries and the best-known 
bed springs in this country come from the city 
on the Mohawk. “Utica” is stamped in on 
nippers and pliers which come from the largest 
factory of the kind in the world and which go 
to every part of the world. Phonographs and 
phonograph cabinets are made in Utica, so 
are firearms, deep-drawn pressed metal work 
and cutlery. 

Utica manufactures textiles—not in one 
factory, but in a large number of factories, 
and Utica also manufactures heating systems. 
The largest castiron steam boiler for heating 
purposes in the world is in Detroit, Michigan, 
but it was made in Ut ica, as are hot-water and 
steam-heating systems and hot-air furnaces 
in both pipe and pipeless types. 

Clothing is made in Utica; special, trade- 
marked brands, the kind purchasers call for 
by name, the kind in which quality must be 
always the same and always the highest. 

A number of other products just as widely 
different, one from the other, as those listed, 
are made in this industrial center and shipped 
to markets a few miles or thousands of miles 
from the place of production. 

Almost any fabricated or manufactured 
article common to commerce and sold on merit 
of highest quality can be economically pro¬ 
duced in and profitably marketed from Utica. 

A large number of the four hundred in¬ 
dustries in Utica are extensive plants, some 
of them counting their occupied property 
by acres, and all of them represent the best 











practice in modern scientific production 
methods. 

Utica is not a boom city, has never been 
a boom city, and never will be. It has reached 
a place industrially where the fundamental 
line of its growth has taken a higher curve 
and so it will appear to have a more pro¬ 
nounced increase in population in the future 
than it has in the past. 

Other factories will come to Utica. They 
will come from other locations because they 
find in Utica all the essentials which exist 
where they are now located and other essen¬ 
tials, necessary to successful manufacturing, 
which can be found only in Utica. 

Practically all of these factories will manu¬ 
facture products which are not now made in 
Utica, and so they will bring a new class of 
skilled workers into this city and aid in giving 
the city a balanced market for labor. Other 
factories will be built in Utica to produce 
articles of commerce which are not manu¬ 
factured at the present time in the Upper 
Mohawk Valley and these factories will be 
built by the business men of this city. 

The business men of Utica and the people 
of Utica know the assets ring one hundred 
per cent. They know that practically any 
manufactured product of superior quality for 
which there is a demand cannot only be made 
in Utica, but it can be economically marketed 
from Utica. 

The greatest thing in business is the value 
of the idea. There is a man in Utica who will 
have the idea that he can make a certain 
product and find a market for all he can make. 
He is going to chart his plan, establish his 
facts, secure the capital and start a factory 
in Utica. The value of the idea will prove its 
worth. The industry will grow; it will in time 
employ hundreds, or even thousands, and so 
Utica will grow. Another man will have an 
idea; in turn, he will prove its value. Capital, 
created by the first industry, will help estab¬ 
lish the second, and so Utica will keep on 
growing industrially and in population. This 
is the law of business and Utica and Uticans 
will make use of this law. 

Here, within their own city, the men of 
business will be locating new industries by 
design, for when they investigate the details 
of location they will find their own community 
meets all the requirements. 

Slogans such as “Utica, one hundred and 
eighty thousand by 1930,” or “Three hundred 


thousand people in Utica in 1940” will not 
keep Utica a great manufacturing center or 
continue to make it a greater manufacturing 
center, but the assets of the city will give it a 
slogan which will be internationally known 
and it will be: “The Heart of the Greatest 
Industrial District in the United States.” 

Back of the industries of Utica are the 
banks of Utica. This city has nine financial 
institutions which will compare favorably 
with those of any other city of the same class 
in the country. These nine financial organiza¬ 
tions which serve the one hundred and four 
thousand people, the four hundred industries 
and the merchants of Utica have a combined 
capital of four million eight hundred thou- 

The Utica City National Bank, Utica, which offers to its 
patrons every accommodation in modern banking 



40 


















The State Masonic Home at T T tica comprises about 120 
acres of ground upon which is also located the Soldiers' 
and Sailors' Memorial Hospital and the wonderful old 
chapel of Colonial architecture. This institution takes 
care of aged and infirm Masons and their dependents. 
The hospital was built to fill a need and dedicated to the 
World W ar heroes. It costs in excess of one million dol¬ 
lars a year to maintain this home. Lodges from all over 
the state send their members and families by trainloads to 
visit this institution. One of the rare treats enjoyed by 
the excursionists is the music rendered by the children's 
hand of the Masonic Home. This feature is in keeping 
with the other inviting attractions which this well-known 
institution affords. Visitors to Utica should not leave 
this show place off their list of things to be seen , as its 
beautifully kept grounds and buildings are well 
worth seeing 



47 










































These Clubs of Utica play an important part in the lives of the citizens and the business of the community. The illustra¬ 
tions show the homes of the Women’s Civic Club, Catholic Women’s Club, the Moose Club, the New Century Club, and the 

Fort Schuyler Club 





























The John A. Roberts & Company Department Store, 
Utica, in which one can find the latest models and modes 
of Fifth Avenue and Paris 


sand dollars, a surplus of six million two 
hundred and eighty-five thousand dollars 
and have over seventy-four millions of dollars 
on deposit. The business man knows how 
to read into those figures the financial sound¬ 
ness of the community and is capable of 
realizing that these banks and trust companies 
are in a position to successfully perform the 
manifold functions through which they serve 
the public by stabilizing business. 

It may be that, in this conversation-in¬ 
type, we have omitted other assets of Utica, 
New York, but when you come to Utica you 
will find that every essential to the social and 
commercial life of a great community is here. 

Home, New York, is the second city in 
size in the Upper Mohawk Yalley. The 
Federal Census of 1920 credits Rome with a 
population of twenty-six thousand three hun¬ 
dred and forty-one; anyone who has visited 
Rome during the past two or three years 
and studied the industrial advancement of 
this city will be willing to admit that there 
will be a marked increase shown in popu¬ 
lation when the Federal Census for 1930 is 
published. 

Rome is situated at what was once the 
head of navigation on the Mohawk River and 
is the most westerly city in the Valley. The 
Indians called the place where the city now 
stands Deiwainsta or “The place where canoes 
are carried from one water to another,” while 
it was known to the early settlers as “The 
Oneida Carrying Place,” for at this point it 
is only a mile or so from the Mohawk River 
to Woods Creek. Thus it was comparatively 
easy for the Indians and the whites to make a 
portage with their canoes, bateaux and loads 


from one stream to the other. Woods Creek 
flows into Oneida Lake, and other streams 
flowing westward and northward from the 
lake furnish a practically continuous route 
from the Hudson River to the Great Lakes. 
This location at the portage was one of great 
strategic value and so the British built two 
small forts at what is now Rome in 1725. In 
1760 General John Stanwix built a fort, at a 
cost of sixty thousand pounds, and called it 
Fort Stanwix, and thus it is spoken of in the 
history of the French and Indian Wars. It 
was at this fort, on June 14, 1777, the first 
Stars and Stripes, the Sign of our Nation, 
was raised. The first flag of what is today the 
emblem of one hundred and twenty millions 
of people was carried at the Battle of Oriskany, 
in which the soldiers from the fort, rechris¬ 
tened Fort Schuyler, participated. 

Rome is a busy city. Five thousand 
five hundred of the people of Rome work in 
the some sixty industries and receive an an¬ 
nual wage of over five million five hundred 
thousand dollars. These industries require 
a capital of over thirty millions of dollars and 
the annual output is valued at thirty-five 
millions. 

The manufacturing interests of the city, 
the retail stores and the professions, the 
people in general, and the farmers of the 
surrounding country are served by four 
financial institutions. These banks and trust 

Robert Fraser, Inc., Utica. The rise to fame of its 
founder is one of the romances of business. This metro¬ 
politan department store, perhaps the foremost in this 
part of the state, has a clientele distributed throughout the 
entire Mohawk Valley 



49 


















Pft 


The picture at top of page shows Utica in 1835, looking down Washington Street and Genesee Street from the “outskirts 
At this time the chief mode of travel was the ox-team, or, at best, the horse, until one year from the date of the picture, on 
July 22, 183G, when the Utica and Schenectady Railroad was opened. About this time the city rapidly began to lose its 
frontier appearances and soon became the thriving City of Utica as shown in the center picture as it appeared in 1850. *4 
section of the city as it is today, the city of industry, the rapidly grou'ing city of 10/ f ,000 inhabitants is shown below. 
Utica expects to see greater changes in the fifteen years between 1023 and 1038 than occurred between 1835 and 1850 















companies have a combined capital of live 
hundred and fifty thousand dollars, a surplus 
of one million eighty-five thousand dollars 
and over fourteen millions of dollars on de¬ 
posit. 

The reason we write "the farmers of the 
surrounding country" is because they are 
part of the industries of Rome, for many of 
the farms are devoted to the growing of 
vegetables which are packed in the canning 
factories of the city. Wherever the canning 
industry is conducted on a large scale, as it is 
in Rome, there is, necessarily, a demand for 
containers, and so the manufacturing of cans 
is another of the industries of the city. 

Knit goods, hardware specialties, medi¬ 
cines, hoisting machinery, etc., are produced 
in Rome, but the outstanding industry, the 
one through which the city is known through¬ 
out the country, is copper and brass. 

The people of Rome have placed a great 
sign where he who rides may read. This sign 
is erected on the bridge which spans the 
Barge Canal and over which the automobiles 
entering Rome must travel. 'Che New York 
Central Railroad’s celebrated four tracks 
pass close to this sign, and, as the sign is 
illuminated, it may seen by night as well as 
by day. Countless thousands learn to know 
that “Ten per cent of the copper used in the 
United States is manufactured in Rome.” 

What the manufacturers of Rome make 
out of copper and brass is best told in the 
great commercial directories and handbooks. 
If you turn to electric wire you will learn that 
it is made in Rome. If you turn to sheet brass 
you will see that it is made in Rome. If you 
inquire for copper in sheets or copper fabri¬ 
cated into kettles you will find it is manufac¬ 
tured in Rome. Copper and brass are common 
to other industrial centers as well, but the 
manufacturers of Rome undoubtedly do more 
with these metals than is done in any other 
community. 

Rome is on the main line of the New ^ ork 
Central Railroad, the nation's great water 
level east and west transportation system; 
the Rome Watertown and Ogdensburg Divi¬ 
sion of the New York Central; the Rome 
and Clinton Branch of the New York, Ontario 
and Western Railroad, and the New ^ ork 
State Barge Canal. 

Rome is two hundred and fifty-one miles 
from New York City; one hundred and nine 
miles from Albany; fourteen miles from Utica, 


and one hundred and eighty-eight miles from 
Buffalo. It is connected to every other city 
and to every other town and village in the 
United States and Canada through the un- 
equaled transportation facilities of the Upper 
Mohawk A alley and is directly linked with 
Utica through an electric interurban ear 
system. 

The people of Rome, through their Cham¬ 
ber of Commerce, stand ready to welcome 
other manufacturers and other workers to 
this rapidly growing industrial center. The 
people of Rome are doing their part in making 
the Upper Mohawk Valley the greatest in¬ 
dustrial center in the United States. 

And why the name Rome? The historians 
tell us that in 1796 Rome was made a town¬ 
ship and was given the name because of the 
heroic defense of the country made here dur¬ 
ing the Revolutionary War. 

Little Falls is called the Rock City. It 
is situated on the sides of the hills through 
which runs the Mohawk River and forms as 
picturesque a community as can be found in 

The headquarters of the United Commercial Travelers. 

United Commercial Travelers' Building, Utica. This 
organization has a membership of over 250,000 



.51 






























the United States. The river at Little Falls 
descends forty-five feet in a distance of half 
a mile and forms the falls and rapids. The 
crystalline rocks, which form the gorge 
through which the river runs, are of the oldest 
rock formation of the earth. Geologists tell 
us that these rocks belong to the Laurentian 
formation and the Archaean system. It is 
possible that these rocks were in existence 
before there was any animal or plant life on 
the globe, and some authorities claim they 
formed part of the original crust of the earth. 
This is why Little Falls is called the Rock 
Citv and whv it has everv right to the name. 

This city is thirty-seven miles from Rome 
and is the most easterly city in the Upper 
Mohawk Valley. The day is not far distant 
when Little Falls and Rome will be as one. 
for the territory between will be covered with 
manufacturing industries and the homes of 
the workers. 

Little Falls is twenty-one miles from 
Utica, seventy-four miles from Albany and 
two hundred and sixteen miles from New 
York City. It is on the main line of the New 
York Central Railroad, the West Shore and 
Buffalo Railroad, is the terminal of the Little 
Falls and Dolgeville Railroad, has the New 
York State Barge Canal, and is connected 
with other cities and the towns and villages 
of the Valiev through interurban electric car> 
and motor buses. 

When you go into a drug store to purchase 

a package of junket tablets with which to 

prepare that delightful milk food, you are 

patronizing a Little Falls industry. When 

you buy a pound of butter it may be that you 

are indirectly contributing to the prosperity 

of Little Falls, for the machinery used in 

making the butter most likely came from the 

Rock Citv. When vou buv one or another 
* • « 

of the most celebrated trade-marked brands 
of underwear, it may be that the goods you are 
purchasing came from the city on the Mo¬ 
hawk, for the knitting industry here is well 
established, as is also the business of making 
machinery used in the knit goods and textile 
industry. When you watch a horseshoer at 
work it is po."ible that the hammer he is using 
came from this city, for thousands are made in 
one of the factories. When you buy a pair 
of shoes or a pair of gloves or any other number 
of articles made of leather it may be that this 
leather was fabricated in the great tanneries 
at Little FalU. for thev make all these article> 


of commerce and commodities of trade, as 
well as other products, in this city. 

Of the fourteen thousand people in Little 
Falls, over four thousand work in fifty in¬ 
dustries and receive an annual wage of over 
four millions of dollars. The annual output 
of these factories is valued at over twenty- 
five millions of dollars and twenty millions 
of dollars is invested in the capital of these 
industries. 

The banking and trust organizations, of 
which there are two in the city, have a com¬ 
bined capital of four hundred and fifty 
thousand dollars, a surplus of five hundred and 
fifty thousand dollars and deposits of some 
seven millions of dollars. 

Little Falls has location and transporta¬ 
tion and power. It is in the L'pper Mohawk 
Valley, that great industrial district which 
is to become the greatest industrial section 
of the United States. 

The Mohawk Valley, from a geographical 
standpoint, is a comparatively narrow valley, 
as ranges of hills to both the north and south 
of the river hold the valley to lands which 
are only a few hundred feet to a few miles 
from the water course, but the industrial 

The Community Christmas Tree in Steuben Park. Utica, 
bore a message of good trill toicard one and all. The 
thought prompting the actirity of a Community Tree is a 
preralent one in Utica. The school children gathered 
around it and sang “Peace on earth, goodwill toicard men ” 









Gas-Fired Core Baking Ovens of the Utica Heater Com¬ 
pany, Whitesboro. Gas, as an economic heating fuel, is 
becoming increasingly used. The baking of sand and 
clay cores for foundry use is a very important part of the 
business, as poorly baked cores cause a large percentage of 
foundry scrap. Hence a steady temperature is essential. 
Gas is rapidly replacing coal and crude oil in this field 



Spinning Room, Standard Silk Company, Chadwicks. 
This enterprise is one of the largest silk mills in the country. 
Fabricated silk production requires highly trained oper¬ 
ators and a great amount of delicate and intricate machin¬ 
ery. This machinery must be driven by a very steady 
power supply; irregularity of speed, due to unsteady flow 
of current, would do much damage by breaking the threads 



Polishing Room. Union Fork <£• Hoe Company, Frank¬ 
fort. This concern makes a high-grade line of farming 
tools and implements. Most implements of this nature are 
cast from metals or forged and, in order to prepare for 
market, must be ground, buffed and polished. This neces¬ 
sitates a large amount of machinery which requires a 
quantity of dependable current 



Glazing Jacks in the Barnet Leather Company, Little 
Falls. How many everyday things have you seen so 
far in this book ? They are all Valley products 



Power Compressors, electrically driven, in operation in 
the plant of the Clayville Knit Company, Clayrille. 
The Mohawk Valley, being amply supplied with electric 
power and possessing an untold amount of latent, 
undeveloped power, has everything to offer the manufac¬ 
turing interests which are on the alert to locate where 
production costs are low 



Finishing Room, Utica Steam A- Mohawk Valley Cotton 
Company, Utica. It is here that the garments receive 
the last touches before shipment 






































The Utica ('nunfri / Day School, New Hartford. This is a private institution with complete physical equipment, modern 

in every detail, and with an adequate staff of competent teachers 


Mohawk Valley covers a much wider range 
of territory. 

Communities of which Dolgeville, Clinton 
and Sauquoit are good examples, while not 
in the Valley of the Mohawk, are part of the 
same industrial group as the cities and towns 
which border the famous stream. They share 
in the essentials—location, transportation, 
power—and contribute in turn to the general 
prosperity of the entire district. The geo¬ 
graphical Mohawk Valley is only a few miles 
wide, but the industrial district is some thirty 
or more miles in width, and it is of this in¬ 
dustrial section that we are writing. 

There are four towns between Utica and 
Little Falls which are located in the geo¬ 
graphical, the historical and the industrial 
Mohawk Valley. They are Frankfort, Ilion, 
[Mohawk and Herkimer. 

Geographically, Herkimer is located on 
the Mohawk River, fourteen miles southeast 
of Utica, two miles from Ilion and seven miles 
west of Little Falls. It is an old community, 
part of what was once known as “German 
Flats,” as it was settled by the Palatines in 
1725; and a stone house was built by John Jost 
Herkimer, from which the village takes its 
name. Herkimer is the county seat of Herki¬ 
mer County and is the market center of a 
rich dairying region. It is also a manufac¬ 
turing community. Its principal products 
are office and library furniture, hardware 
specialties, gloves and paper boxes. Its 
industries, thirty-five in number, employ one 
thousand five hundred workers, who receive 
an annual wage of one million five hundred 
thousand dollars. The annual output of these 


factories is valued at four millions of dollars 
and they have a capital investment of a 
similar amount. 

II erkimer has two banks with a combined 
capital of three hundred thousand dollars, 
a surplus of three hundred and sixty-four 
thousand dollars and deposits of three million 
and ninety-five thousand dollars. 

The village is on the main line of the 
New York Central Railroad, the Adirondack 
Division of the same system, the Otsego and 
Herkimer Railroad and the New York State 
Barge Canal. 

Between Herkimer and Ilion is the village 
of Mohawk, which is the home of about three 
thousand people. It is on the New York 
Central Railroad, the West Shore and Buffalo 
Railroad and the Barge Canal. The manu¬ 
facturing of underwear is the principal in¬ 
dustry. 

Ilion, a village with a population of over 
ten thousand, is twelve miles from Utica 
and nine miles from Little Falls. This is 
another place where the Palatines settled in 
1725, but it was not until the coming of the 
Erie Canal, nearly one hundred years ago, 
that it became a village. 

The people of the Upper Mohawk \ alley 
are justly proud of the traditions of their 
country and the contributions of the famous 
men of the Valley to the progress of civiliza¬ 
tion. These people of the central section of 
New York State have not only preserved 
the old landmarks of the pioneer days, but 
they have built monuments to the memory 
and deeds of those who served the community 
or nation. At Ilion, however, is the greatest 



54 

































At’ic } ork Mills is a one-industry community a few miles from the City of Utica. The village takes its name from the 
targe textile plants oj the New } ork Mills Corporation here located, and the Oneida Bleachery, Incorporated, shown in 
the picture, is one of the allied industries. These industries require a large amount of power and so, to be in a position 
to supply at all times the demand for the highest quality power to these factories, the Utica Gas & Electric Company 
has erected a substation in this village. These allied industries with thousands depending upon them for employment 
arc not only an asset to flic f pper Mohawk I alley, but through the high quality of their products arc an asset to the nation 





The mammoth plant of the Rome Brass & Copper Company, Rome. This firm is a large user of both gas and electricity 
for industrial purposes. It manufactures a large number of brass and copper articles, besides bars and bulk material. 
Copper and brass in its many different forms, shapes and uses play an important part in the world's business. They are 
perhaps as necessary as any two metals known to mankind. It is fitting that the Mohawk Valley, the mother of a large part 
of American development, should continue to supply those things so needful to her continuous growth 



View of the factory of the Utica Cutlery Company, Utica. It is the aim of this concern to make Utica knives known to every 
man arid small boy in America—it has already gone a long way toward this end, as the size of its factory buildings and 
the number of skilled workmen in its employ will prove. The line of pocket and pen knives made by the Utica Cutlery 
Company is famous throughout this country and in foreign lands. The commercial success of this company and the 
diversification of its product from other lines made in the Valley is proof that any high quality product can be profitably 

manufactured in this industrial district 



























Rome Trust Company of Rome, New York 
Deposits $4,140,000 


k 

First National Bank, Dolgeville, New York 
Deposits $1,200,000 






Utica Trust and Deposit Company, Utica, New York. This 
is another of the larger financial institutions of the state 


Manufacturers National Bank, 11 ion. New York 
Deposits $1,500,000 



First National Bank of Utica, Utica, New York, founded in 1812 as the Bank of Utica and later named First National, 
has been in continuous business since that time, a per iod of one hu ndred eleven years. It is the oldest ba nk in Central New York 

56 




' ’ll 




































































monument dedicated to a man which may be 
found in the Valley, for it was erected little 
by little for a period of over one hundred 
years and is not yet finished. Millions of 
people throughout the world have contributed 
to the building thereof. This monument is 
the allied industries which bear the name of 
Remington and these factories stand to the 
memory of Eliphat Remington. Just south 
of the village, on the beautiful Ilion Gorge 
Road, the Daughters of the American Revolu¬ 
tion have placed a tablet which marks the 
spot where Eliphat had his first forge, but 
the great works in the town are the finest 
monument which can be built to the memory 
of a man, for they not only stand as a sign of 
industry, but they are industry itself. 

In five more years the Remington Arms 
can celebrate its one hundredth anniversary 
and in one more year the Remington Type¬ 
writer will have reached its fiftieth birthday, 
while the Remington Cash Register belongs 
to our own time and is of recent development. 

Ilion is not a one-industry town by any 
means. The best known filing systems in 
the world are made at Ilion and a large illu¬ 
minated sign tells the great traveling public 
that this celebrated industry is part of the 
Upper Mohawk Valley. 

All told, Ilion has fifteen industries, re¬ 
quiring eighteen millions of dollars in capital, 
having an annual output valued at fifteen 
millions of dollars and employing six thousand 
five hundred workers, to whom are paid six 
million five hundred thousand dollars an¬ 
nually. 


The homestead of a great industry. Here is the first 
cheese factory in this region. As you perhaps know, 
this section of New York State, called the Mohawk Valley, 
leads the United States in the manufacture of cheese. 

Utica is the largest cheese market in this country 




City Hall, Little Falls 


iii on has two banking institutions with a 
joint capital of one hundred and fifty thousand 
dollars, a surplus of one hundred and fifty- 
six thousand and deposits of two million 
eight hundred and sixty-seven thousand 
dollars. 

The main line of the New York Central 
Railroad; the New York, West Shore and 
Buffalo Railroad, and the Barge Canal fur¬ 
nish Ilion with adequate transportation. 

Over four thousand people live in Frank¬ 
fort, which virtually joins Ilion on the west. 
The same railroads serve the two villages and 
both have the highest quality power service, 
which will prove one of the forces that will 
make the Upper Mohawk Valley the greatest 
industrial center of the United States. 

Forks and hoes of every description and 
for every purpose are made at Frankfort, as 
is also road-building machinery. 

Whitesboro is the first community west of 
Utica and it is difficult for the visitor to the 
Upper Mohawk Valley totell wherethecity ends 
and the village begins, for only a street marks 
the dividing line. Whitesboro of the present 
day has a population of about three thousand, 
but there was a time in the history of the 
Valley when the forecast of the day would 
have predicted that Whitestown, as it was 
then called, would some day become a city, 
while the few log houses at what is now Utica 
would grow to be a village at the Ford of the 
Mohawk. 

Then the one great need of the pioneer days 
and one of the essentials of the present day 
transportation, in the form of the great East 
and West Turnpike, came through the Gate¬ 
way of the West at Little Falls, crossed the 






















Automatic power-driven machinery in The Ralway Silk- 
Corporation, YorkviUe. The United States is producing 
more and more of its silk, as American inventive genius 
supplies the necessary machinery to supersede the old 
hand methods of the Japanese and Chinese, which u-ere too 
expensive to be used generally 



You can see the necessity of power from this picture, 
taken in the Machine Grinding Department of the Utica 
Cutlery Company. These machines are practically auto¬ 
matic, hence reducing the cost and producing a maximum 
amount of the highest-grade work. Such machines attain 
their maximum efficiency through highest-quality power 




HL / ft. 

/ 

9 



ws/Lk 

tie 


-4 corner of the Punch Press Room of the Remington 
Cash Register Company. These presses are used in the 
making of the cabinet, keys and faces of the nationally 
known Remington Cash Register 



Utica Valve Fixture Company, makers of valves, 
faucets, plumbing supplies and fixtures. The scene is in 
the Grinding and Polishing Room. You can see the brass 
faucets in the trays 



Typewriter carriage assembly to typewriter at the Rem¬ 
ington Typewriter Works, Ilion. Think of the part 
played in the world's business by the lowly typewriter, then 
remember that power, and, more specifically, electric 
power, has made this possible 



Dryers in the plant of the Utica Willowvale Bleachery, 
Willowrale, showing the receiving end. The cloth passes 
through and between these big, heated rollers. After com¬ 
pletion of the whole process it comes out snowy white 
and ready for the market 


58 





























Mohawk River to the Ford, continued on 
through Utica, forming what is now Genesee 
Street, leaving YVhitesboro to one side of the 
main line of travel. 

The names W hitestown and Whitesboro 
willstaud forever, not only inthehistories,but in 
the titles and deeds to the property of one-half 
the area of New York State, for this village 
was once the county seat of a vast territory. 

Whitesboro has a 
place in the history of 
the past and it cannot 
be denied a place in the 
history of the future. 

The highest quality of 
power, which, with geo¬ 
graphical location, un¬ 
equaled transportation 
and available land, will 
make the Upper Mohawk 
Valley the greatest in¬ 
dustrial center of the 
United States, will cause 
Whitesboro to grow toward the west until it 
meets the development of Rome and Oriskany 
toward the east. 

There are a large number of factories now 
located at Whitesboro manufacturing knit 
goods, furniture, sash and doors, metal prod¬ 
ucts, etc. 

Whitesboro is on the main line of the New 
York Central Railroad, but it is so close to the 
City of Utica that it has the shipping advan¬ 
tages of the other great transportation lines of 
the Upper Mohawk Valley. 

There is one attribute common to Whites¬ 
boro, Little Falls, Dolgeville, Rome and all 
the other cities, villages and towns of the in¬ 
dustrial Upper Mohawk \ alley and that is 
the possession of a marked substantiality. 
This undoubtedly comes from the fact that 
these communities, individually or collectively, 
are not the result of a boom or booms or any 
organized effort to produce a forced industrial 
growth. 

While there is every evidence of industrial 
progression, there is also the balancing influ¬ 
ence of social conservatism, or, as the head of a 
large trust company phrases it, a conservative 
progressiveness. There is not a tendency in 
the Upper Mohawk Valiev to disturb the 
existing order. The church, the school, the 
home and the day’s work are still the most 
important considerations of life. 1 here is 
something to all these communities which 


makes one feel that they have long been 
organized and are well established. There is 
not a mad rush to build a babel to reach the 
unattainable, but a constant, steady effort, 
backed by understanding, to develop these 
communities on sound lines and through 
practical methods. 

Paper, felts and malleable iron products 
are manufactured in Oriskany, a village of 

about one thou s a n d 
people located on the 
X e w V o r k Central 
Railroad, seven miles 
from Utica and about 
half way between Rome 
and Whitesboro. In a 
ravine, near the village, 
the Battle of Oriskany 
was fought on August 6, 
1777. An obelisk on the 
hill has been erected in 
commemoration of the 
deeds of the Herkimer 
County militiamen who died to make us a 
free people. 

Northeast of Tattle Falls, and connected 
with the citv bv the Little Falls and Dolgeville 
Railroad, is the village of Dolgeville. Situat¬ 
ed on the East Canada Creek, near the High 
Falls, and in the foothills of the Adirondacks, 
Dolgeville is as picturesquely located a village 
as one could wish to see. That the beautiful 
and the industrial can go hand-in-hand is 
proved by the factories of the village, for here 
are made felt shoes, which are sold under 
trade-marked brands and known throughout 
the United States and Canada, sounding boards 
and other piano parts. 

Over three thousand five hundred people 
make their homes in Dolgeville, and the 
prosperity of the village is indicated in the 
reports of the bank of the village which has a 
capital of one hundred thousand dollars, a 
surplus of one hundred thousand and deposits 
of over one million two hundred thousand. 

•lust below the village and at the High 
Falls is the Dolgeville Station of the Utica 
Gas & Electric Company, so Dolgeville and 
the neighboring villages are assured of an 
abundance of the highest quality power, not 
only for the present industries, but for all the 
factories which will locate here in the future. 

New York Mills is a one-industry village, 
but, like the other villages of the Upper 
Mohawk Valley it differs greatly from the 



OF COPPER USED 1N 
UNITED ST AT E S 
IS MANUFACTURED IN 

ROME 


You, too, can “tell the world" in electricity 


.59 






















A residential street in Barneveld. An attractive village, Methodist Episcopal Church, Prospect. Attractive churches, 

enhanced by beautiful trees, located in the hills to the many of them old historic structures, are to be found in 

north of the Mohawk the villages of the Upper Mohawk Valley 









TK SECjK * J 






r‘ 












HD PW,^ 







« n 



1 1 

- ■ 4 
















^ — 

[»*■> 


: W 

-'*£r 

-, 

j-. - - - ' 

- 


“Men may come and men may go," but the road goes on forever. Up hill and down dale is the course of the roads in the 
district which borders on the Mohawk and its tributaries. This street in Hinckley is typical of the beauty of the district 



In a land so favored by Nature, so full of beauty and peace, a man can live and, living, enjoy life. Who would not appreciate 

a home in such a charming location as this residence at Barneveld 


CO 

















one-industrv communities to he found in other 
parts of the country, for the village has all the 
industrial essentials and all the social and civic 
essentials which are to be found in large 
centers; and the New York Mills Corporation, 
the one industry, is thriving and dominant 
and is one of the largest textile manufacturing 
concerns in the world. 

This village is typical of a class of which 
there will undoubtedly be many more in the 
Upper Mohawk Valley in a comparatively few 
years, as a large number of manufacturers, not 
located at the present time in the district, will 
find it to their advantage to move their plants 
from congested manufacturing centers to 
where there are all the attributes for econom¬ 
ical and profitable manufacturing and where 
there is an abundance of available land which 
can be secured at fair land valuation prices. 

South of Utica and adjoining the city is 
the village of New Hartford, a community of 
fifteen hundred people. South of New Hart¬ 
ford, in what is known as the Sauquoit Valley, 
are five other villages: Washington Mills, 
Chadwicks, Sauquoit, Clayville and Cass- 
ville. Southwest of Utica is Clinton, while 
to the north are Stittville, Holland Patent, 
Barneveld, Trenton, Prospect, Remsen and 
Hinckley. 

At Washington Mills, which is on the 
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, 


The building arid offices of the Herkimer County Trust 
Company, Little Falls 



(>1 



The Hotel Richmond, Little Falls. Here one will find the 
best in hotel accommodations 


five miles from Utica, special chemicals are 
manufactured. 

Chadwicks, also on the Lackawanna, is 
the home of large knitting mills. At Sauquoit 
there are other knitting mills, while Clayville 
is also a knitting town. New Hartford, which 
is on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, 
the New York, Ontario and Western, and the 
New York Shore and Buffalo Railroads, has 
a large canning factory and also a factory 
which produces gauze bandages. 

Clinton, on the New York, Ontario and 
Western Railroad, about ten miles from Utica, 
is the site of Hamilton College. It is an at¬ 
tractive village, having a population of about 
one thousand four hundred, and manu¬ 
factures canned goods, textiles and paints. 
Waterville, to the east of Clinton, produces 
textiles, and has canning factories and foundry 
and machine plants. Hinckley, Remsen, 
Holland Patent, Trenton, Prospect, Salisbury, 
Salisbury Center and other villages which 
lie to the north of the Mohawk Valley are 
principally farming community towns. 
Hinckley has a large paper mill, located near 
the great Hinckley Reservoir, while there are 
quarries at Prospect. The one great industry 
of this beautiful north country is the dairying; 
and so the villages furnish the stations to 
which the milk is brought by the producers 
to be shipped to the consumers or to be turned 
into milk products. 

Altogether we have a district of a thou¬ 
sand square miles or more, containing some 


























The Methodist Episcopal Church at Sauquoif. From old 
churches like this the old-time circuit rulers went forth 
to serve the less settled communities 


The Corners at Cassville. Another one of the villages of 
central New York State made naturally attractive through 
its shade-tree lined roadways 



The High School at Holland Patent. The picture below 
shows a quaint, old village, but progressive people live in 
such places and appreciate all the advantages of modern 
educational methods. Witness this school building 


Industry always contributes to beauty, though some there 
be who cannot see it. The boom at the Hinckley Fibre 
Company forms an attractive vieie, and with the hills in 
the distance is a picture worth seeing 



The T Mage Park, Holland Patent. This park of forest trees and the surrounding buildings should make the people of 
many large cities realize the real value of open spaces in community planning. It is here the people of the village gather 
of an evening to listen to good music by the band. You can see the stand to the right 

62 















Comprehensive views of the Daniel Green Felt Shoe Company, Dolgeville; also showing a portion of the town. This million- 
dollar corporation manufactures the famous Daniel Green Felt Shoe, known the world over 


cities, towns and villages, ranging in size 
from Utica, with one hundred and five thou¬ 
sand people, to Prospect, with about three 
hundred people. 

There are about six hundred manufac¬ 
turing organizations, large and small, in this 
district. Close to forty thousand people 
work in these plants and earn an annual wage 
of forty millions of dollars. The capital re¬ 
quired to operate these plants is at least one 
hundred and seventy-five millions of dollars, 
while the total annual output is well over the 
one - hundred - and -fifty - million - dollar mark. 
The banks and trust companies of the cities, 
towns and villages of the industrial Upper 
Mohawk Valley have a combined capital of 
over six million six hundred and fifty thou¬ 
sand dollars and there are over one hundred 
and seven millions of dollars on deposit. 

This is the industrial Upper Mohawk 
Valley as it is today. Now, let us consider 
what the people of this industrial Upper 
Mohawk Valley, with all the tangible assets 
and all the essentials for expansion, can do 
to make this the greatest industrial center 
in the United States. 

The first thing necessary is to get ready 
to grow. The one thing needful on the part 
of all the people is vision, and vision can only 
come through understanding. 

The major part of the industrial growth 
of the Upper Mohawk Valley will come from 

G3 


the inside and will not be a great deal more 
pronounced at any one point than it is at 
another. The minor part of the industrial 
growth will come from the outside and be 
distributed throughout the Valley just as the 
present industrial assets are distributed; but, 
because this distribution will be done by 
design and far more scientifically, it will be 
more uniform. 

The major part of the industrial growth 
of the Upper Mohawk Valley will come from 
the inside in the same manner that the future 
industrial growth of the City of Utica will come 
from the inside. Men who are now engaged 
in manufacturing in the Upper Mohawk 
Valley will see the market for a given product 
and will start the manufacture thereof. Other 


The II. Cheney Hammer Corporation, Little Falls 














J7:" - 



One is at a loss for words to fittingly describe the majestic beauty of such a scene. Nature has poured out her grandeur 

with a lavish hand in this region of the Upper Mohawk I alley 

Trenton Falls Early in the Morning 
Would you the genius of the place enjoy. 

In all the charm contrast and color give? 

Your eye and taste you now may best employ. 

For this the hour when minor beauties lire; 

Scan ye the details as the sun rides high, 

For with the moon these sparkling glories fly. 

Trenton Falls in the Afternoon 
.4 calmer grace o'er these still hours presides. 

Now is the time to see the might of form; 

The heavy masses of the buttressed sides, 

The stately steps o'er which the waters storm. 


Trenton Falls by Moonlight 
With what holiness did night invest 
The eager impulse of impetuous life. 

And hymn-like meanings clothed the waters' strife.' 
With what a solemn piece the moon did vest 
Upon the white crest of the waterfall; 

The haughty guardian banks, by the deep shade 
In almost double light are now displayed. 

Depth, height, speak things which aice, but not appall. 
From elemental powers this voice has come. 

And God's love answers from the azure dome. 

—Margaret Fuller 


64 






















('hr. Ilanscns Laboratories, Little Falls, makers of the 
famous Junket Tablets. Who is there who has not used the 
product of this plant? 


men, some of them in minor positions at the 
present time, will invent or create a product 
for which there will he an extensive market; 
and, while some of them will start in a small 
way with limited capital and build great 
industries through their own unaided efforts, 
others will see that the best way for them to 
prosper is to place the merits of their several 
products before men who are able and willing 
to furnish capital and thus start manufactur¬ 
ing on a fair size basis at the beginning. 

These new industries, while conceived and 
founded within the Upper Mohawk Valley, 
will need a great many thousands of workers 
who will come from outside the Valley and 
so the communities of the Valley will grow 
and show decided increase in population. 

The minor growth will come from the out¬ 
side; and, because we use the word minor, do 
not think that the growth from this source 
will be insignificant. It will not. A large 
number of manufacturers who for one reason 
or another are seeking ideal locations and 
ideal industrial conditions will move their 
plants to the Valley. Other men, from out¬ 
side, will see the value of the district as an 
industrial center, locate in one of the com¬ 
munities, start manufacturing in a small way 
and out of these will grow great industries 
employing thousands. 

This is neither a forecast nor yet prophecy. 
It is the ordinary every-day process of the 
working out of the laws of life. It is the way 
all industrial communities grow and is the 
way the Upper Mohawk Valley will grow to 
be the great industrial center of the United 
States. With this district it is an assured 
fact, for all the essentials to industrial growth 
are here, and in greater abundance than in 
any other location not now congested beyond 
the point of economical production and dis¬ 
tribution. 

Business develops a language of its own, 


just as does science, sports, government or 
any other division of life. A few years ago 
the one great word in business was “effi¬ 
ciencyand, though often misused, it still 
has a power and a meaning which not another 
word can supply. Then followed the word 
“service,” and now we have “co-operation.” 
If the Upper Mohawk Valley is to be the 
great industrial center of the United States, 
there must be a plan; if there is to be a plan 
there must first be a vision, because this plan 
will deal with the future, and the only way to 
all the facts which must form the vision is 
through the earnest co-operation of every 
interested organization. 

This vision cannot be confined to a few 
men scattered here and there throughout the 
Valley, but must be possessed by the majority 
of the people, or, better still, by every man, 
woman and child in the Valley. 

The Upper Mohawk Valley has a wonder¬ 
ful past, one of which every citizen of the 
Valley can be justly proud. True pride of 
worth allows us to glory in this past and we 
should always preserve the finest traditions 
of our fathers; but the past has gone, and its 
only value to us is that we learn from the suc¬ 
cesses of others how to succeed or through the 
failure of others what to avoid, for all of us 
fail at times in some way or another; so, we 
can profit from the mistakes of the pioneers. 

The present is with us. Now is the time 
to take stock of things as they are; see what 


The Savings Bank of Utica, Utica, “The Bank with the 
Gold Dome" 






















The High School at 


Clayville shown in the illustration to the left and the Ilion High, School on the right are typical of 
the educational institutions to be found in the Upper Mohawk Valley 



The attractive home shown in this picture is at Sauquoit and is of a type not uncommon to the district. Every section 
of the district has its beautiful /wines and there is an abundance of homesites 



The factory of the Clayville Knitting Company, Clayville. Many manufacturers, whose plants are situated in unattractive 
locations, are spending small fortunes yearly to beautify their factories and grounds. In the Upper Mohawk /’alley 
Nature has laid the foundation in such manner that there is little room for improvement 


66 


















we are doing so well that there is no room 
for improvement; see what we are doing well, 
but where a decided improvement can be 
made, and then make it; and then, see what 
we are leaving undone which should be done 
for the general interests of the Valley 
and the people of the Valley as a whole. 

It is a foregone conclusion that the com¬ 
mercial bodies of Rome, Utica and Little 
Falls and the commercial organizations of 
the towns and villages, as well as the luncheon 
clubs in the district, will work together in an 
organized movement and with the finest 
co-operation. This is being done at the 
present time and it only means that the unified 
work will be extended as the occasions de¬ 
mand. 

The people of the Valley can depend upon 
the business organizations of the Valley to 
work for the common good of every com¬ 
munity. Business is always constructive, for 
every man knows that the law of the survival 
of the fittest always holds good. 

If the Upper Mohawk Valley is to be 
the great industrial center of the LTnited 
States, there must continue to be the same 
unified co-operation, not only between the 
commercial bodies, but as well the social 
organizations, the civic officials, as now exists. 
Nor is this the end of the possibilities, for it 
should extend to those matters of state and 
national legislation and administration which 
affect the general welfare of the people and 
the interests of the Valley. 

Now, back to vision. If the forefathers 
had possessed the clear vision for which we 
give them credit, there would not be any 
need of a planning commission in Utica today. 
The streets would have been laid out and 
charted in such a manner that the city would 
have been supplied with main traffic ways 
which would have been adequate for all time 
to come; and, if the plan had been made on 
sound scientific lines, each succeeding genera¬ 
tion would have followed the plan as the city 
developed. The present plan, to be of the 
greatest possible value to the public, calls for 
the unqualified co-operation of all the other 
communities. 

Factories will come to the Upper Mohawk 
Valley. All the essentials are here. Now is 
the time to plan how the communities of the 
Valley can best serve the millions who will 
live in the Valley within another generation. 
This plan can only be carried out and main¬ 


tained through the co-operation of every 
interest in the Valley. Stand ready to do your 
part. 

Empire State Interested In Proposed 
Observance of Historic Events 

(From Utica Observer-Dispatch, Sunday, April 8th, 1923) 

A series of historic anniversary celebra¬ 
tions and pageants in which LTtica and the 
Mohawk Valley is directly interested will be 
observed, if the worthy efforts of the Mohawk 
Valley Historical Association are realized. 
They were commenced last year. A Memorial 
recently submitted to the Legislature pro¬ 
vides for state aid to permit of the observance 
of such historic events as may be deemed 
worthy throughout the state extending from 
Jamestown on the west to Long Island on the 
east. 

The state is asked for small annual appro¬ 
priations “to record anew New York’s mag¬ 
nificent Revolutionarv record,” the sum to 

*/ 

be spent under the direction of the State 
Historical Association, which would be author¬ 
ized “to acquire and preserve historical build¬ 
ings, monuments and places,” and to hold 
celebrations and school exercises. 

The Presbyterian Church, Clinton 


I 

c 



67 











The Savage Arms Corporation, Utica, showing a battery of 
motor-driven automatic lathes. Note that all leads are 
enclosed in conduits. Much has been done in recent years 
by the manufacturers in the interest of safety. They have 
come to know that anything improving the efficiency of their 
labor is too inexpensive to do without 



The Knitting Room of the Springknit Underwear Com¬ 
pany, Mohawk, showing spinning mules. It would in¬ 
deed be a sight worth seeing if the pioneers of the Valley 
could conic back and visit a modern spinning establishment 
as they exist today. Think how many spinning wheels 
would be required to produce the daily output of this plant 



Knitting machines of the Duofold Health Underwear 
Company, Mohawk. Is it not wonderful that your 
“ heavies ” were made on such a machine and not by hand? 
One can hardly imagine how machinery can be made so 
almost human as to produce the shapes made necessary by 
demands of the trade, unless one has visited such a plant 
a nd see n it 



Olympian Knit Goods Company, New Hartford, showing 
Finishing Department. Note the motors at the end next 
the aisle of each tier of machines. Another thing very 
apparent is the amount of cubic feet of air space per em¬ 
ployee that these modern factories supply. The sweat-shop 
method has passed away. Science has reduced to a cer¬ 
tainty this thing called “feet of space per person" 



Showing the immense Weaving Room of the Standard Silk 
Company, Chadwicks. Imagine the yards of silk these 
machines can weave in a year and then you will appreciate 
how the busy little worms must work 


The Finishing Department of the Utica Drop Forge & 
Tool C ■ompany, Utica. Here forgings and tools receive 
their final grinding and polishing before going to the Inspec¬ 
tion Department 


08 








































One-half of our present state area, now 
valued at one-seventh of the state’s wealth 
and inhabited by one-fourth of its people, 
was, in 1784, the property of the Indians. In 
1788 it was engulfed in Montgomery County 
and given the name of Whitestown. Today 
this area contains 30 counties, 31 cities, many 
villages and farms. Its population in 1920 
was 2,766,260, of which 1,651,583 lived in the 
cities and 1,114,683 on farms and in villages. 
Its city wealth was $1,683,195,000; its village 
and farm wealth was $1,063,235,000, a total 
of $2,746,430,000, about one-seventh of the 
entire wealth of the state. 

It is this area from which the Irocpiois 
tribes (excepting the Oneidas and Tuscaroras) 
were led in pitiless expeditions, committing 
ghastly frontier horrors, which depopulated 
the homes of the frontier settlers. It is in this 

area that the Indian trails of these Revolu- 

i| 

tionary raids should be marked, and the record 
made that the whole state was revolutionary 
in fact and in territory. 

Following Sullivan’s expedition in 1779, 
which drove the Indians under the very 
shadow of Fort Niagara, New York State in 


1786 made a compact with Massachusetts, 
whose claim to these same Indian lands had 
been smouldering since 1620, when the Eng¬ 
lish Crown included them in an “ocean-to- 
ocean” grant to the Colony. By this compact 
New York secured the right to include them 
within her boundaries and Massachusetts 
the right to sell (subject to the extinguish¬ 
ment of the Indian title) and put the proceeds 
in her treasury. The quieting of the Indian 
title has been going on since 1784 and is not 
yet completed. The rights of Massachusetts 
are still asserted. Only the other day they 
brought a chuckle from Chief Justice Taft 
while on the Supreme Court bench, when the 
Court was asked in relation to the Windsor 
beach property near Rochester, on a question 
already over 100 years old, to advance the 
argument two months nearer to a hearing. 
Sullivan’s raid and the Massachusetts compact 
were the preliminary steps to the most tragic 
event that occurred in this state. This was 
the act of the Legislature in 1788 when it 
extended the boundaries of Montgomery 
County around the ancestral homes of the 
Iroquois Indians and placed their 16,000,000 


A view of the Manufacturing District of Little Falls, showing the Phoenix Mill in the left foreground , a corporation, manu¬ 
facturing underwear, that is capitalized at over one million dollars 




































1-1 

Mi 

J 1W 

rr 

1 

■ait 

SI 

! 

ITT 


j 

1111 

























t 




The huge electric sign of the Rome Wire Company, Rome. The use of electricity has entered the field of advertising and is 
filling a definite place in this sphere. No more effective way can be used than that of telling your message in electricity. 

“Get your name in the bright lights" 


acres in the newly erected town of Whites- 
town, ever after to he governed and owned 
by the dominant race. 

This act doubled the state’s previous 
area, and gave notice to the Indians that 
there was no one to protect their rights as 
had Sir William Johnson. 

When Sir William Johnson died, July 11, 
1774, the most powerful figure of all colonial 
times in North America passed away. During 
the thirty-six years of his residence in the 
Mohawk Valley, he, more than any other 
person, secured and held the tribes of the Six 
Nations to their allegiance with England. 
With their help, Canada and the “West” 
were won from the French. 

At the close of the eight years of our 
Revolution, England continued to hold Can¬ 
ada, while the “West” passed to those states 
which as Colonies had received charters with 
“ocean-to-ocean” grants. These states, sub¬ 
ject to some reservations, ceded their interests 
in this area to the Union, until in 1787 it be¬ 


came the Northwest territory, to be later 
carved into states and added to the Union. 

Whitestown was called after Hugh White 
of Middletown, Connecticut, who, with his 
five sons, on June 5, 1784, had taken possession 
of his interest in a patent which he and others 
had purchased at public sale on the attainder 
for treason of Hugh Wallace. This patent, 
which lay on the Mohawk River, with Cox’s 
patent directly to the west, abutted upon the 
Indian property line and, with the Jellis 
Fonda patent, were the most westerly of the 
colonial grants in the province and the 
western extremity of Tryon County. 

Tryon County was erected in 1772 to 
govern all the provincial area east of the 
“property line” and west of Charlotte, Albany 
and Ulster Counties, as then defined. Johns¬ 
town, which is now in Fulton County, was 
its county seat. In 1784 it was renamed 
Montgomery County because of the ill will 
borne by the patriots against William 
Tryon, the last of the Colonial Governors. 


70 








































The Composing Room of the Utica Observer-Dispatch. In the background may be seen the linotype machines, which use 
gas for melting the blocks of type metal and wh ich are powered with individual electric motors 


The printing press of the Utica Daily Press. Electrically driven and practically automatic. The printing press has 
probably done more for the advancement of civilization than any other educational force, religion excepted 


























Less than “200 white inhabitants were to 
be found in the town of Whitestown when it 
was erected in 1788, and this count included 
traders and prospectors. In 1787 there were 
seven homes at Hugh White’s settlement, 
five at Rome, three at Oriskany, three in Utica 
and three in Westmoreland—all log cabins, 
small and cheaply constructed. 

By 1820 the population of the state, 
estimated at the close of the Revolution to be 
approximately 190,000, had increased to 
nearly 1,400,000, of which it w T as estimated 
that 1,000,000 were from New England. By 
1859 Whitestown's original limits were carved 
into 30 counties, since which time no changes 
have been made. The 1920 census gives these 
counties a population of 2,766,266 and the 
state a population of 10,386,773. 

Some of the most romantic history of the 
French occupation led by Champlain at 
Onondaga in 1715 and followed by the erection 
of forts at Niagara and Oswego, and cam¬ 
paigns conducted over Lake Ontario, in which 
thousands of Indians in their canoes bobbed 
up and down upon the waters of the lake as 
they accompanied the vessels of their respec¬ 
tive leaders, took place in the limits which 
were later assigned to the town of Whitestown. 
The same area was full of the Revolutionary 
records of the divided allegiance of the Six 
Nations during that period and the same forts 
were occupied by the British regular troops 
until 1796. 

It took more than twenty years to induce 
the Indians at treaty gatherings to part with 
their title, and then only a part of the land 
was opened for settlement. The Mohawk 
Valley Memorial seeks a state and nation¬ 
wide recognition of the fact that the whole 
state was revolutionary in fact and in terri¬ 
tory, and that the location of the Indian trails 
and raids should be marked as a part of our 
Revolutionary history before it is too late. 

The Moha wk Valley Historical Association 
is a federation for historical purposes in the 
counties of Oneida, Herkimer, Fulton, Mont¬ 
gomery, Schenectady and Schoharie. It has 
formulated in broad outline a plan that should 
place New York State’s history in the very 
forefront of accomplishment. It desires that 
the Oriskany battlefield be made a national 
park; that eight miles of the main route be¬ 
tween Albany and Oswego, which passes 
through the battlefield, be improved; that 
$50,000.00 of state funds be available to 


celebrate in 1927 the 150th anniversaries of 
the battles of Oriskany, Bennington and 
Saratoga. That annual state appropriations, 
commencing in 1923, be expended by the New 
York State Historical Association in consulta¬ 
tion with other historic and patriotic societies 
in preparation for recording anew New Aork 
State’s magnificent Revolutionary record, by 
providing for celebrations, markers and school 
exercises covering the entire eight-year Revo¬ 
lutionary period, wherever situated in the 
state. 

It urges the state to undertake the execu¬ 
tion of a comprehensive plan regarding the 
erection of markers, memorials, and the proper 
recording of the state’s history under three 
heads: First, the completion of the Colonial 
markers and records; second, the completion 
of the Revolutionary markers and records; 
third, the completion of all county and 
township markers and records, to the pioneer 
settlers and their first erected churches, 
schools, mills, stores, etc., that throughout 
the state there may be found proper tribute 
paid to all historic events which happened 
within our borders, from earliest Indian, 
French, Hugenot, Netherland, Walloon, Eng¬ 
lish, Palatine and New England settlements 
that have at least 100 years of background. 


The Oneida County Historical Society building in which 
are some of the most valuable records and relics in the 
nation's history 










From 1775 to 1783 Long Island and the 
Champlain, Hudson and Mohawk Valleys 
furnished the battlefields for the 92 recorded 
conflicts that occurred in this state, providing 
an area full of continuous conflicts and ghastly 
frontier horrors. These battlefields of New 
York, surrounded by forests and closely con¬ 
fined to her eastern borders, penetrated for 
250 miles the principal commercial and mili¬ 
tary valleys on the eastern slope of the conti¬ 
nent, and today have a background of from 


200 to 300 years of occupancy and settlement, 
a condition existing at no other point on the 
North Atlantic seafront. Albany (1617), 
next to Jamestown, Va. (1607), and St. Augus¬ 
tine, Fla. (1566), is the oldest settlement in 
the Union; if the 13 Colonies only are included, 
and if Jamestown is thrown out, as deserted 
in 1676, it may perhaps be called the oldest 
with a continuous life, though its actual settle¬ 
ment (1623) as a residence is later than 
Plymouth (1620). 


Pi •ogram of Mohawk Valley Historical Anniversaries 

Planned for Next Decade 


1922: Two hundredth anniversary of 
the settlement of Stone Arabia by the Pala¬ 
tines; held June 14; 2,000 present. 

1922: One hundred fiftieth anniversary 
of the founding of Tryon County and building 
of Johnstown Court House and Jail; held 
Sept. 8-9; 10,000 present each day. 

1922-1925: Two hundredth anniversary 
of purchase from the Mohawks (June 9, 1722), 
and settlement of the German Flats section 
(Herkimer, Mohawk, Ilion, Frankfort). Com¬ 
mittees now making arrangements. 

1923: Fiftieth anniversary of the making 
of the world’s first typewriter at Ilion. 

1924: July 11, one hundred fiftieth anni¬ 
versary of the death of Sir William Johnson at 
Johnstown. 

1924: August 26, one hundred fiftieth 
anniversary of the first meeting of a Tryon 
County (Palatine) committee of safety at 
Stone Arabia. 

1925: Centennial of the opening of the 
Erie Canal, first work on which was done at 
Rome, July 4, 1817. 

1926: Centennial of the granting of 
charter and commencement of work on the 
Mohawk and Hudson Railroad (parent of the 
New York Central). 

1926: One hundred fiftieth anniversary 
of the building of Fort Dayton (Herkimer), 
Fort Davis (Stone Arabia), Fort Plain, and 
strengthening or reconstruction of Fort 
Hunter, Fort Johnstown, Fort Herkimer, and 
Fort Schuyler. 

1927: August 3-7, one hundred fiftieth 
anniversary of the march of General Herki¬ 
mer from his home near Fall Hill to the mili¬ 


tary mobilization point at Fort Dayton 
(Aug. 4) and the march thence to Oriskany, 
with camp at Staring Creek (night of Aug. 4) 
and west of the Sauquoit at Whitesboro 
(night of Aug. 5). 

1927: August 3, one hundred fiftieth 
anniversary of the first known military raising 
of the Stars and Stripes over Fort Schuyler 
(now Rome). 

1927: Aug. 6, one hundred fiftieth anni¬ 
versary of the Battle of Oriskany and Col. 
Willett’s sortie from Fort Schuyler (nowRome). 

1927: Aug. 16, one hundred fiftieth anni¬ 
versary of the death of Gen. Herkimer at his 
home at Fall Hill. 

1927: Aug. 22, one hundred fiftieth anni¬ 
versary of the relief of Fort Schuyler (now 
Rome) by Gen. Arnold’s American army. 

1928: Nov. 10, one hundred fiftieth anni¬ 
versary of the Cherry Valley massacre. 

1929: One hundred fiftieth anniversary 
of Gen. Clinton’s army at Canajoharie and 
march overland to Otsego Lake. 

1930: Oct. 19, one hundred fiftieth anni¬ 
versary of the Battles of Stone Arabia and 
Klock’s Field. 

1931: Oct. 25, one hundred fiftieth anni¬ 
versary of the Battle of Johnstown. 

1931: Centennial of the opening of the 
Mohawk and Hudson Railroad. 

1932: Utica City Centennial. 

1933: One hundred fiftieth anniversary 
of Washington’s visit to the Mohawk Valley, 
stopping at Fort Herkimer, Fort Dayton, 
F ort PI ain (Rensselaer), Fort Schuyler (now 
Rome), Cherry Valley, Canajoharie and 
Schenectady. 







Cities and Dates of Charters Once in the Area of 
Old Town of Whitestown 


Date of 


1920 

1920 

Incorporation 

City 

Population 

Total Valuation 

1832. 

Ctica. 

. 94,156. 

.$ 91,324,000 

1832. 

. . Buffalo. 

. 506,775. 

. 597,634,000 

1834. 

. Rochester. 

. 295,750 

. 295,764,000 

1847. 

. Syracuse. 

. 171,717. 

181,321,000 

1848. 

. .Auburn. 

. 36,192. 

. 25,201,000 

1848. 

. .Oswego. 

. 23,626. 

16,496,000 

1864. 

. . Elmira. 

. 45,393. 

. 41,735,000 

1865. 

. . Lockport. 

. 21,308. 

13,450,000 

1868. 

. . Ogdensburg. 

14,609. 

. 5,753,000 

1869. 

. .Watertown. 

. 31,285. 

. 32,085,000 

1867. 

. .Binghamton. 

. 66,800. 

. 56,636,000 

1870. 

. . Rome. 

. 26,341 

. 24,850,000 

1880. 

. . Dunkirk. 

. 19,336. 

. 9,931,000 

1886. 

. .Jamestown. 

. 38,917. 

. 24,501,000 

1888. 

. . Hornell. 

. 15,025. 

. 7,856,000 

1888. 

. . Ithaca. 

. 17,004. 

15,217,000 

1890. 

. . Corning. 

15,820. 

. 10,333,000 



















































































Date of 


1920 

1920 

Incorporation 

City 

Population 

Total Valuation 

1892. 

. .Niagara Falls. 

. 50,760. 

.$ 100,471,000 

1893. 

. . (Mean. 

. 20,506. 

13,935,000 

1897. 

. . North Tonawanda. 

15,482. 

15,989,000 

1898. 

. Geneva. 

14,648. 

12,541,000 

1900. 

. Cortland. 

13,294. 

11,089,000 

1901. 

. Oneida. 

10,541. 

. 5,713,000 

1902. 

. Fulton. 

13,043. 

. 7,726,000 

1903. 

. Tonawanda. 

. 10,068. 

13,147,000 

1909. 

. . Lackawanna. 

. 17,918. 

. 18,459,000 

1909. 

. . ()neonta. 

. 11,582. 

. 8,506,000 

1913. 

. . Canandaigua. 

. 7,356. 

. 5,418,000 

1914. 

Batavia. 

13,541 

11,845,000 

1915. 

Norwich. 

. 8,268. 

. 4,478,000 

1916. 

. . Sherrill 

4,522. 

3,791,000 



1,651,583 

$ 1,683,195,000 


Counties and Dates of Erection Once in the Area of 

Old Town of Whitestown 


Date of 

Counties Erection 

Allegany.1806. . 

Broome. 1800 . . 

Cattaraugus.1808. . 

Cayuga.1799. . 

Chautaugua.1808. . 

Chemung.1836. . 

Chenango. 1798. . 

Cortland.1808. . 

Erie.18-21. 

Genesee.1802. 

Jefferson.1805 . . 

Lewis.1805. , 

Livingston.18*21. 

Madison.1806. 

Monroe.1821 . . 

Niagara.1808. . 

Oneida.1798. . 

Onondaga.1794. 

Ontario. 1789. 

Orleans.1824. 

Oswego.1816. 

St. Lawrence (}£) .1802. 

Schuyler.1859. 

Seneca.1804. 

Steuben.1796 

Tioga.1791. 

Tompkins.1817. 

Wayne.1823. 

W yoming. .1841. 

Yates.1823. 


1920 1920 

Fopulation Total Valuation 

36,842.$ 32,395,000 

113,610. 91,328,000 

70,297. 47,130,000 

65,221. 48,875,000 

115,309. 83,942,000 

65,872. 54,443,000 

34,969. 20,414,000 

29,625. 22,275,000 

633,566. 757,004,000 

37,631. 39,817,000 

82,250. 71,731,000 

23,704. 14,335,000 

36,830. 33,219,000 

39,535. 25,032,000 

385,034. 369,081,000 

118,386. 173,750,000 

182,833. 162,521,000 

240,990. 242,668,000 

52,652. 52,251,000 

28,619. 30,244,000 

71,045. 43,831,000 

27,707. 18,200,000 

13,098. 8,930,000 

24,735. 20,336,000 

80,627. 48,899,000 

24,212. 15,272,000 

35,285. 28,512,000 

48,827. 40,590,000 

30,314. 26,160,000 

16,641 . 13,245,000 

2,766,266 $ 2,746,430,000 


75 















































































































































UTICA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 
UTICA, N. Y. 


March 6th, 1923 

Mr. Prospective Locator, 

Dear Sir: 

The Chamber of Commerce of Utica extends to you 
a hearty invitation to come to our city and fully investi- 
gate its commercial assets. This organization also stands 
willing to furnish you any data you may desire regarding 
the facilities of the city and the surrounding communities 
so that you may judge the advisability of making the 
Upper Mohawk Valley the home of your manufactur¬ 
ing organization. 

You are assured that, when youcome toUtica, vou will 
be given every opportunity to thoroughly investigate all 
the claims which have been set forth in favor of this 
industrial district. You are also assured that every 
business man in this city will co-operate in placing you 
in a position to judge the fitness of the community to 
supply your industrial requirements. 


Yours very truly, 

J. G. DUFFY, Secretary 



















The Dolgeville Power Plant of the Utica Gas Electric Company at the High Falls of East Canada Creek 


The Source of Power 

rpHE Upi )er Mohawk Valley is now a great indus- 
f / trial center and to maintain and expand its position 
as an industrial center it is necessary that there be a 
supply of continuous, highly satisfactory, efficient 
power constantly available. An industrial center can¬ 
not exist without dependable, high-grade power, and it 
cannot industrially expand beyond the available supply 
of power. The following pages describe the methods 
used for generating, refining and distributing power as 
used by the Utica Gas Electric Company, as this 
company supplies the power necessary to operate the 
present industries throughout a large section of the 
Mohawk Valley and is in a position to fill all the 
demands for power for all time to come. 










IT 


uS 

i 


Central Office Building, Utica Gas <{• Electric Company, Utica. This building houses the various departments forming 
contact with the public, the officers and staff of the company and the two departments of engineers. The front windows are 
at all times filled with displays showing electrically powered and operated devices for home and business use, modern uses 
and application of gas for both domestic and industrial purposes, as ivell as displays which possess distinct educational 
value. A large number of people view these displays every day and evening. It is located on Genesee Street in the heart 
of the business section of Utica. The photograph from which this illustration was made was taken at night and 
shows the building illuminated with a border of small lights and with the name of the company indicated with an 
illuminated sign. The attraction value of such illumination is clearly demonstrated through the decided contrast between 
the company's offices and the buildings which join it on either side. The City Hall, which is to the right, is lost in the 
darkness. This building was originally the offices of the County Clerk of Oneida County and also housed the other 
county officers until the erection of the present Court House. For a number of years the Board of Supervisors of Oneida 
County met in this building and here were passed many of the progressive measures which have contributed so largely 
to the growth of Oneida County and thus to the industrial advancement of the Upper Mohawk Valley. It is fitting that 
the building should now be occupied by a public utility organization which, through service, is also contributing to the 

growth of the city, the county and the industrial district 


78 





















The Power Back of the Power 


HIS is the inside story of 
the power back of the 
power which moves the 
industries of the Upper 
Mohawk Valley. It is 
the story of the great 
power plants, where the 
power is collected, the 
transmission and distri¬ 
bution system, and all 
the intricate parts and details which bring 
the power from the source to the customer. 

The transmitting, refining and distrib¬ 
uting is done with the aid of that wonderfully 
flexible force which we call electricity; the 
power is that which we find in water and in 
coal. 

It is probable that, long before there was 
any form of animal life on this planet, the 
water came down the courses of the Mohawk 
Valley in the same manner as it comes down 
today; the power was there then, but it spent 
its force in wearing a channel for itself on the 
way to the sea. 

Long ago, in the age of acrogens and am¬ 
phibians, as the geologist terms the period, 
coal was formed; and yet it is only a little over 
one hundred years since man first learned that 
this coal could be placed under a boiler to 
generate heat and through this heat turn 
water into steam and with this steam move an 
engine and so secure power. 

Our forefathers, in a crude way, built 
waterwheels and used some of the power in 
the streams, but the power thus obtainable 
was of a very low rating and the task to which 
it was applied had to be located within a few 
feet of the source of power. 

Power from coal through steam had to be 
applied in the same way, at the source of 
production or generation, through many belts, 
shafts and pulleys and with a great loss of 
energy. 

Then came electricity and the science of 
taking the raw power from the stream and the 
raw power in the coal, refining this power and 
distributing it both economically and effi¬ 
ciently. 

Commercial electricity, then, is not so 
much power in itself as it is the means by 
which the greatest amount of power possible 
to produce can be taken from the source of 


production, carried long distances, controlled, 
regulated, distributed and applied to a given 
task with the least possible loss of energy. 

Somewhere it has been said that to have 
proper light one must be unconscious of the 
source of light; so, when one is reading and 
the light is too strong, he will turn off part of 
the light in the room; or, if the light is in¬ 
sufficient, he will turn on a lamp or two until 
a satisfactory amount is secured. We have 
all done the same thing time and time again 
without a thought to where this adjustable 
quantity of light comes from or the method 
or system by which it is produced. 

It may be that the reader has gone into 
a great manufacturing plant some morning 
and thrown on the switch which controls the 
lighting system and then turned to the con¬ 
troller which sent the power to several hundred 
machines, starting them in motion so the 
operators could begin their daily work. You 
did this more or less unconsciously, without 
ever registering in your mind a realization of 
what caused the lamps to light or the machines 
to move. 

This is not to infer that we do not know 
that the greatest of forces known to science is 
electricity, which has the power to light lamps 
and the power of moving machines, because 
we do know it; but, nevertheless, while we 
do know of the force, we seldom think of the 
power back of the power. 

The other day a man called up a friend 
of his on the telephone. The man he called 
is the head of a large manufacturing concern 
where there is a great number of heavy metal 
working machines, all electrically driven, and 
where there are two electric elevators which 
will each lift five tons. He said: “George, 
what is a watt?” “Why,” George answered, 
“it is one of the measurements in determining 
electricity. Wait a minute and I'll find out 
for you which one it is.” “No, thank you,” 
the questioner said, “all I wanted to find out 
was if you knew without looking it up.” The 
manufacturer then continued: “When I was 
fifteen years of age I could have answered your 
question at once, because most boys know 
certain phases of electricity. Boys know T in 
detail many things which men are forced in 
part to forget. We use a great deal of electric¬ 
ity for power. I know that it is most satis- 









Three large generating rants of the Trenton Falls Plant have a total capacitg of 19,250 II. P.. and are located in 

the new section of the plant 


factory and economical. I know, as well, 
that it is the best and most economical method 
of lighting. I do not believe that I have given 
electricity a thought for years; if I ever have, 
all I remember is that somewhere there is a 
generator which collects this force, a wire 
which brings it to my house or factory and a 
motor or lamps which use this force to move 
a machine or light a given space. I accept it, 
use it and seldom think of it.” 

This phone call was a test. This manu¬ 
facturer is one of the best informed men on a 
very wide range of subjects that it could be 
one’s privilege to know. He is a man with a 
university education, a technical expert in his 
own field and a graduate of mechanical en¬ 
gineering. 

All of us accept electricity just as he ac¬ 
cepts it. We know that somewhere there is a 
machine which produces this force and sends 
it along a wire to motors and to lamps. Let 
us see what comes between the generator and 
the lamp or motor. 

A visitor to Utica, New York, arose one 
morning at his hotel and picked up a paper 
at the door of his room and took it to the 
breakfast table with him. lie read that a 
nationally known figure in the world of busi¬ 
ness had said that the Mohawk Valley was 


destined to become one of the greatest indus¬ 
trial centers of the United States. The visitor’s 
business took him to the general offices of the 
Utica Gas & Electric Company, and, while 
talking with one of the executives, brought 
up the subject of this forecast. 

“Yes,” replied the executive, “and the 
high quality of electrical power which we 
produce will be one of the important factors 
in making this forecast come true.” 

“High quality of power!” said the visitor. 
“Why, power is power! I didn’t know there 
was any difference in power!” 

The executive replied: “There are just 
as many differences in the grades of power as 
there are in other manufactured products. 
The power we make, refine and scientifically 
distribute throughout the Upper Mohawk 
Valley is of the very highest quality and the 
very finest grade. If you will come with me, 
I will show you what I mean.” 

In the following pages is told just as briefly 
as possible what the visitor saw, from the 
source of the power through its various stages 
to the ult imate consumer. 

The principal source of electric power in 
the Utica Gas & Electric Company’s system 
is hydro-electric power, produced by three 
plants located at Trenton Falls, on the West 


so 





































/ 

4 / 

JA 

■* 

M 1 

~ i 

, v~x - 



ii I] 



■ Ti 

pyr 




*;|s 53 

p 

^ Y'T 

|sr. 

1 


L 


Four generating units at the Trenton Falls Plant, which have a combined capacity of 5,400 IF P. With the addition 
of the three new units shown on the opposite page, this plant's total capacity is 35,400 II. P. 


Canada Creek; Little Falls on the Mohawk 
River, and Dolgeville on the East Canada 
Creek. 

Trenton Falls is a beautiful series of four 
waterfalls in a wonderful gorge which the 
West Canada Creek has formed in the lime¬ 
stone. The falls are located about fifteen 
miles north of Utica and the Trenton Falls 
Power Station is located in the lower gorge 
a short distance below the falls. 

The West Canada Creek has its source 
nearly fifty miles northeast of Trenton Falls, 
in the heart of the Adirondack region. This 
section of the Adirondacks has been found to 
possess the highest rate of rainfall of any part 
of New York State. Trenton Falls, therefore, 
is a most favorable spot for hydro-electric 
power development. 

The water of West Canada Creek is 
collected by a great concrete dam in the gorge 
above the falls and held in storage in a large 
reservoir or pond. From the reservoir the 
water flows through two immense pipe 
lines down past the falls to a power house in 
the lower gorge, about three-quarters of a mile 
below the dam. The water is used under a 
head of 265 feet, or, in other words, the tur¬ 
bines where it is used are 205 feet lower than 
the level of the water above the dam. 

The Trenton Falls plant really consists of 

si 


two separate power plants, using the water 
from the same reservoir, and with the power 
houses connected so as to form one continuous 
structure. 

The first plant was built in 1900 and put 
into service in 1901. At that time it had the 
distinction of using water under the highest 
head of any plant east of the Rocky Moun¬ 
tains. It was also distinguished by reason of 
having four vertical shaft water turbine- 
generator units, which were the first to be 
designed according to engineering principles, 
as well as manufactured, in America. These 
machines are still giving good service. Each 
generator furnishes 1,350 horsepower, or a 
total of 5,400 horsepower. 

In 1917-18 the second plant was con¬ 
structed, having been called forth by the 
immense demands for power caused by the 
World War as well as the tremendous growth 
in power requirements in the Upper Mohawk 
Valley. At this time two 10,750 horsepower 
turbines and generators were placed in the 
new power house, leaving a space for the 
third, which has been recent ly added. These 
three generators give the capacity of the 
two plants at Trenton Falls a combined 
capacity of 35,400 horsepower. 

The visitor to Trenton Falls will be par¬ 
ticularly attracted by the tall, slender stand- 
























* T - V 


'"Cm 




tTvJB 


'“'IT 

44a* 


Interior of first Steam Electric Generating Station of the Utica Gas <£• Electric Company, which started operation January 
1, 1888. This plant teas operated on the so-called “Moonlight Schedule. " There is quite a decided difference between 

this plant and the present day power stations 


pipe near the power house which was a part 
of the original plant and to the much larger 
surge tank connected to the new T and larger 
pipe line. He will ask: “What is their pur¬ 
pose?” All of us are familiar with w T hat 
happens when we turn a tap in the bathroom 
to full flow and then shut it suddenly: the 
result is a loud thump or water hammer. In 
a hydro-electric plant the same thing happens. 
When the load goes off the plant suddenly 
the waterwheel gates close with the resulting 
water hammer, and which, because of the 
magnification in size and power, is far more 
serious than in our house piping. Those tanks 
are placed for the purpose of allowing the 
water to rise and then fall again, and again, 
gradually decreasing, without causing tremen¬ 
dous shocks in the pipes; and also to allow' 
the speed of the waterwheels to be kept more 
nearly constant. 

The consolidated power houses are located 
in a narrow gorge which the waters of the 
West Canada Creek have worn through the 
limestone formation to the present bed of the 
stream, over one hundred feet below T the level 
of the cliffs. The stream is comparatively 
narrow' and very deep at this point, and, with 
the ragged, rocky sides of the cliffs, covered 
with a growth of forest trees, forms as seeni- 
cally beautiful a spot as one could wish to see. 

The original pow r er house is an attractive 
one-story structure of Governeur marble with 
a red Spanish tile roof. The new power house, 
which opens into it, is considerably higher, 


built of concrete and steel and having an 
elevator by which one may enter the building 
from the cliff at road level and go directly 
to the various floors of the power station. 

A visitor w ill notice that there is no visible 
connection between the immense generators 
and the wires which pass out of the building. 
All of these connecting wires are safely carried 
through conduits so that all chances of acci¬ 
dental contact with them are removed. 

When one stands on the rock-formed shelf 
a few' feet above the level of the stream, looks 
up the gorge in all its primitive beauty, then 
at the pow'er station and the great conduits 
which lead down from the pipe lines to the 
turbines, then listens to the hum of the tur¬ 
bines and generators as they rapidly revolve, 
he cannot help being impressed with what 
science has accomplished in harnessing the 
pow'er in the stream and distributing it in a 
refined state to points at great distances from 
the source. 

Little Falls Power Station, at the City of 
Little Falls, uses a part of the water of the 
Mohawk River under a low' head which aver¬ 
ages about seventeen feet. The power house 
is an attractive structure of granite rock, 
which was found at the site of the building. 
There are three vertical waterwheel-driven 
generators, having a total capacity of 1,600 
horsepower, which take the w'ater through 
the canal from the so-called middle dam. 

The Dolgeville Station, near the village 
of Dolgeville, is what is known among en- 


82 













Exterior view of the first Steam Generating Station of the Utica Gas & Electric Company. The property is still in use 
for other departments of the company. The course of the old Erie Canal is shown in the foreground. The interior view 

is shown on the opposite page 


gineers as a medium head plant, using the 
water of tlie East Canada Creek under a head 
of seventy-two feet. At the head of the High 
Falls is a low r stone dam. From this dam a 
steel pipe line leads down past the falls to the 
brick power house below. At the point where 
the pipe line descends to the power house one 
will see a surge tank which is for the same 
purpose as the surge tank at Trenton Falls. 
There are three horizontal waterwheel-driving 
generators in this plant, which have a total 
capacity of 2,800 horsepower. 

Everyone is familiar with the fact that 
our streams have great variations in the flow 
of water. In the spring, when winter is 
breaking up, we have large floods. In the 
summer, and also in the extreme cold weather 
of mid-winter, there is very little water in 
them. 

The customers demand that their supply 
of electricity be adequate and at their service 
regardless of whether there is a great deal 
or very little water in the streams. 

The companies supplying hydro-electric 
power, therefore, look at these tremendous 
amounts of water wasted at flood times and 
wish for some means of storing up the water 
so that it can be let out under control 
when the streams are low and thus assure a 
constant production of electricity to supply 
the continuous demands of the customers. 
This means that great storage reservoirs are 
not only desirable, but extremely necessary 


to the industrial welfare of great bodies of 
people. They would not only store up the water 
which can be utilized by hydro-electric plants 
in giving a constant service, but they also 
hold back a great part of the water which 
causes the tremendous floods that occasionally 
prove so destructive to property in the low 
lands and villages along the streams and 
rivers. 

How clear it is, then, that the building 
of storage reservoirs with which to regulate 
the flow of streams is a public benefaction: 
not only by enabling the wheels of industry 
to turn through increasing the supply of 
hydro-electric power and thus saving the con¬ 
sumption of countless tons of coal which 
would otherwise be burned in the produc¬ 
tion of steam, but by protecting the property 
of all those who live in the district affected 
by the high water stages of the fluctuating 
streams. 

Some progress has been made along this 
line. The State of New York has built a 
great reservoir and dam at Hinckley on the 
West Canada Creek, about five miles above 
Trenton Falls, which has served to greatly 
remove the danger of floods, and has also 
helped to increase the flow at Trenton Falls 
in times of low water. 

The state has also built a large reservoir 
at Delta, which has been a wonderful benefit 
to the upper part of the Mohawk Valley, 
particularly to Rome. In addition, there are 


8:3 

























A 



The transmission system of the Utica Gas <{• Electric Company contains ,89 miles of high-tension lines, as shown in these 
pictures. The overhead distributing lines cover a distance of over two hundred miles. These lines carry from two to 
twenty wires to a pole and so the total length of all the distribution wires reaches into a very large mileage. Through 
these wires 38 cities and communities are served. They arc patrolled both summer and winter and the two pictures in the 
center give some idea of the difficulties encountered by the patrolmen in mid-winter 


S4 


































■ 6n Electric System = 


POWiCR RESERVOIR RnD 
DRMRT TRENTON TALES 


L PR OE MlRNUPRC TURING Pi BN T 



L3,B00-v Power Circuit 

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PtEOULBTOR 

C 13 400-V Bus 
Trrns 


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Transmission 

l/PC. 
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To Customers 


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//// _y //y -Vlll)//. St. .Sub Stb 
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4000- v. 
Power Trrn. 


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4 000 v. BUS 
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L/crting C/rcu/t 




This graph will furnish some conception of the amount of equipment and the work which is necessary to take the power 
in the water and bring it, in the form of electricity, to your manufacturing plant or your home. It shows all the opera¬ 
tions from the time the water leaves the dam until the force thus created is used to move machinery , light the streets or 

illuminate homes. The text matter is closely associated with this graph 


a number of reservoirs on the East Canada 
Creek, which have greatly benefited the power 
at Dolgeville. 

Many other great natural basins exist 
near the head of waters of these streams which 
could be transformed into storage reservoirs 
by building dams. 

The Delta and Hinckley Reservoirs were 
built primarily to store up a portion of the 
flood waters so that they could be let out dur¬ 
ing the dry seasons of the year in sufficient 
quantities to keep the Barge Canal filled 
throughout the navigation season. While 
both of these reservoirs are impressive bodies 
of water and the dams are imposing structures, 
yet, to effectively control the larger floods, 
more and larger reservoirs must be con¬ 
structed. 

It is known that there exist many other 
great natural basins near the headwaters of 
these streams in which it is feasible to create 
reservoirs capable of storing up sufficient of 
the flood water to cut down by nearly one-half 
the extreme height to which the largest floods 
would otherwise rise in the Mohawk River. 

It, therefore, can only be a question of 
time when some agency will set about the 


work of conserving this water and putting it 
to some useful task rather than the destruction 
of our homes and property. 

There are times even with the utmost 
care in using the water that is available when 
there is not sufficient power to be had for the 
hydro-electric plants to care for all the needs 
of the company’s customers. There are also 
times when lightning and other elements may 
interrupt the supply for a few moments. To 
guard against this and to guarantee continu¬ 
ous service, the company has at Washington 
Street Station in Utica a steam plant which 
has four steam turbines, with a combined 
capacity of 27,000 horsepower. This plant is 
ordinarily operated as a “stand-by,” producing 
no current, but standing by ready to “pick 
up” the load when, for any reason whatever, 
a line is interrupted or the hydro-electric 
plants are not in a position to carry the de¬ 
sired load. 

Early in this discussion reference was 
made to power of the highest quality and of 
the finest grade which is being manufactured 
and distributed in the Upper Mohawk Valley 
by the Utica Gas & Electric Company. The 
reader is, no doubt, by this time questioning 




















































Substations are stations placed along the transmission lines at distributing points where the current is taken from the high- 
tension lines, conducted through transformers and so regulated in distribution as to give the steady, even flow necessary to pro¬ 
duce the highest quality power and light. Here are five of the thirteen substations of the Utica Gas <{• Electric Company 


86 





























































View of the switchboard and street-lighting transformers at the Cornelia Street Substation. Do you realize that so much 
fine and intricate machinery exists between the water behind the dam and your reading lamp? The insert shows a 5,000 

K. V. .4. Synchronous Condenser and switchboard in the same station 


how this power is manufactured into a trans¬ 
portable product, refined and brought to a 
stage of commercial perfection through scien¬ 
tific methods. 

The illustrations in this book will furnish 
one with a slight conception of the miles and 
miles of lines and the great number of appli¬ 
ances which are installed between the generat¬ 
ing machinery at the power-producing stations 
and the places where the electrical current is 
used by the customers. To describe each piece 
of apparatus in detail and tell just how it 
works would require an elaborate treatise 
on the theory and practice of electrical en¬ 
gineering. It would have to first treat with 
all the elements of electricity and then 
carry through the years and years of scientific 
research under thousands of men, telling 
what each one has contributed to the develop¬ 
ment of the control and employment of this 
wonderful force for the benefit of mankind; 
and then, when we had finished, we would 
have to say with one who was made a Peer 
of Great Britain as a reward for his contri¬ 

87 


butions to the science of electricity: “I know 
what I can do with it, but I do not know what 
it is. I know what it will do for me, but I 
don't know why." 

The best we can do is to tell you some of 
the things we must do to take the power in 
the water as we get it from the reservoir and 
the power from the coal mine as it comes in 
the raw state and set it to work in your fac¬ 
tory, store, office or home. 

Involved in bringing this power to you 
are over 100 miles of high-tension transmission 
lines operating at 22,000 and 44,000 volts, 
together with new lines being built for opera¬ 
tion at 66,000 and 110,000 volts. There are 
a large number of transformers for raising 
the voltage at the generating stations to the 
proper value for transmission and many more 
transformers at the substations for reducing 
the current to the proper voltage for distri¬ 
bution through the cities and towns. 

A little comparison of electrical terms with 
terms familiar to the average reader may not 
be out of place at this time. Nearly all the 







































Above is the Transformer Station at Trenton Falls Plant of the Utica Gas <t' Electric Company. Note the standpipe in the 
background. The function of this tower is to reduce the vibration, known as water hammer, in the pipe line leading from 
the dam to the turbines. It is really a safety valve. Below is the outdoor substation at the Washington Street Plant 
showing lightning arresters. The constantly increasing demand for electricity for both power and lighting purposes is 
of such a magnitude that it is necessary for the company to have a construction department constantly at work plan¬ 
ning and erecting additional structures so as to be in a position to render an adequate service and supply the highest 

quality power 




gaMMMWMWi 





















































i'll f 



/’/((> substation of the Utica Gas <f- Electric Company at 
the village of New York Mills 


terms used in electricity can be explained by 
their similarity to terms used in hydraulics or 
water power. 

When voltage is mentioned in connection 
with electricity it has a meaning similar to that 
of the word pressure when used in connection 
with water. The ampere is the measure of 
the quantity of electricity flowing, correspond¬ 
ing to the number of gallons of water, flowing 
in a second, but without reference to pressure. 

When we come to compute the power 
obtained from water we are accustomed to 
refer to it in horsepower, while in electricity 
we calculate power in watts or kilowatts, a 
kilowatt being 1,000 watts or almost exactly 
one and one-third horsepower. 

If you will get out your text book you will 
read that a horsepower is equal to 33,000 foot 
pounds per minute or 550 foot pounds per 
second. This means that if 550 pounds of 
water or other substance is allowed to fall one 
foot in one second or (50 feet in one minute it 
will, theoretically, do work ecpial to one 
horsepower. But in practice this is not true, 
and we have to take into account the losses 
due to friction, etc. The ratio between the the¬ 
oretical and the actual power is the efficiency, 
which in a well-designed hydro-electric plant 
is 80 per cent or slightly over. Therefore, 
more water than is theoretically required must 
be used to produce the horsepower sent out 
over the electrical conductors. 

The watt mentioned above is the electrical 
power produced by the flow of a current of one 
ampere at an electrical pressure of one volt. 
The quantity of electrical power is dependent 


both upon the volt pressure and the number 
of amperes flowing. It, therefore, follows that, 
the higher the voltage or pressure, the greater 
the amount of power that may be transmitted. 
Electrical conductors or wires, like water 
pipes, can conduct only a certain amount or 
quantity of electricity measured in amperes 
without excessive losses. This is easily under¬ 
stood in the case of the water pipe, because we 
all know that when we attempt to force water 
through a pipe we quickly reach a point 
beyond which no more water can be made to 
flow, without greatly increasing the pressure. 
There is a definite point beyond which it is 
impractical to go in forcing water through a 
pipe. Likewise, with electrical conductors, 
there is a very definite limit to which current, 
measured in amperes, can be forced over them, 
because it would not pay to sustain the great 
losses which would occur in attempting to 
force larger amounts of current over them. 

The only way in which large amounts of 
power can be transmitted over conductors is 
by high voltage, which keeps the current 
(amperes) down to an economical point. If 
this means were not employed and electrical 
conductors from distant power stations to 
customers were used at low voltages, the cost 
of wires and the tremendous structures to 
support them would be so enormous that no 
community or enterprise could possibly afford 
to pay the cost. Power companies have, there- 

Tlie substation of the Utica Gas <£• Electric Company at 
Clinton, New York 



89 



























.4 linesman at work. Day and night, summer and 
winter, you see these skilled workmen out on the poles 
at all hours and in every condition of weather 


fore, found it not only necessary and econom¬ 
ical, but convenient, to increase the voltage or 
pressure at the generating stations to very 
high values so as to enable them to transmit 
power over conductors of reasonable size to 
distant markets. The apparatus employed to 
increase as well as to decrease the voltage is 
called a transformer and operates at very 
high efficiencies, so that the process of trans¬ 
formation of current is very economical. 

Transmission voltages or tensions vary 
according to the requirements of the case. 
Successful transmission is now being accom¬ 
plished with voltages as high as 220,000 volts, 
but such high voltage is not economical unless 
extremely large amounts of power are to be 
transmitted over very long distances running 
into hundreds of miles. 

The Utica Gas & Electric Company is 
now building a transmission line designed to 
transmit power at 110,000 volts from Northern 
New York. This voltage will be used as soon 
as the amount of power to be transmitted 
under its contract with the Northern New 
York Utilities, Inc., becomes great enough to 
warrant it. At the outset, this line will be 
used at 66,000 volts. The ordinary transmis¬ 
sion voltages used by the company are 22,000 
and -44,000. These voltages are all dangerous 
and have to be handled by intelligent, trained 
men and could not be used in any ordinary 


manufacturing processes, much less in the 
home. It is necessary, therefore, to transform 
the voltage down from the high values men¬ 
tioned in order to give the customer a safe 
voltage or pressure and one suitable to his 
particular needs. This transformation is made 
as near to the customer's premises as possible, 
and in the case of large manufacturing con¬ 
cerns it is often possible to make it on their 
premises so that in a number of instances large 
transformer stations will be found at the side 
of some of our large local plants. 

The reason for locating these transformer 
stations as close as possible to the consumers' 
homes or places of business is two-fold. 

First: The immense amount of copper 
wire that would be required to transmit the 
current generated by the company at low 
tension over many miles of line. 

Second: As was stated above, these lines 
cannot transmit electricity without losing some 
of the voltage and power sent out. It inevi¬ 
tably results, then, that when these lines are 
carrying a large amount of current, the cus¬ 
tomer at the end of the line must receive his 
current at a less pressure than the customer 
nearer the source of supply. It is necessary, 
therefore, to keep these lines as short as pos¬ 
sible and to proportion the sizes of the con¬ 
ductors and the power carried by them so 
that these differences in voltages or pressure 
shall not be too great, so that the customer, 
no matter where located on the line, shall have 

“Turning on" the street lights of Little Falls. The opera¬ 
tion is not greatly different from turning on a light in 
home or office. “Plugs in,” as a layman would call it, 
and the lights are on 



})<> 

















via" ®»«fj 




A view of a section of the switchboard at Trenton Falls 
Poicer Station of the Utica Gas A Electric Company is 
shown at the top of the page. The man in charge is in the 
act of making a reading of one of the series of very sensitive 
recording devices shown on the board. From these instru¬ 
ments on the face of the board this highly trained expert reads 
the conditions over his entire station as easily as you tell 
the time by your watch and is in a position to control the 
dispatching of loads from the station so that the highest 
quality of power is maintained. At the left is a view of the 
Switch Room at this station showing several compartments, 
each controlling 13,200 volts. At the bottom of the page is 
shown a section of the Generator Field Rheostat Room at 
the Trenton Falls Station. These pictures show the produc¬ 
ing end of the manufacturing and distributing of the highest 
quality power. The finely adjusted instruments and the 
heavier apparatus which you see in the pictures are needed 
as the first step in taking the power from the generators to 
your motors or lamps. It is from these rooms and through 
these machines that the current must pass, as shown in the 
graph and described in the discussion, instead of directly 
from the generators, as many laymen are inclined to visu¬ 
alize the process. A trip through such a power station, 
following each operation in order, and then out to the sub¬ 
stations, and from the substations to where the power is 
used, would convince any man that there is a great deal of 
applied thought and a great deal of hard work back of the 
electricity which supplies the lamp furnishing the light 
through which you are enabled to read this book 



























































The exterior of the Cornelia Street Substation of the Utica Gas <£• Electric Company. At the left is the garage of the company 


at all times a suitable voltage for his purpose. 

During certain hours of the day, as at the 
dinner hour, the evening and the retiring 
hour, the lines which carry lighting are, of 
course, operated at a considerable load. Dur¬ 
ing the other hours of the day they may carry 
relatively little load. From this it can be 
seen that there is opportunity for considerable 
variation in the voltage carried by these lines. 
If the company did not employ means for 
refining the current and compensating for 
these differences the service to the customer, 
whether for lighting or power, would be 
extremely unsatisfactory, as is the case in 
many lighting systems in small communities. 

In order to correct this condition the 
company has installed in its various substa¬ 
tions apparatus known as voltage regulators 
which automatically and with almost human 
precision vary the voltage on the outgoing 
lines so that it will be constant at a point in 
the center of the district which each line 
serves. The customer is, consequently, not 
annoyed by variations in intensity of the light 
caused by fluctuations of the voltage when so 
regulated. 

Another refinement which is appreciated, 
particularly by the manufacturer whose 
machines must run at absolutely constant and 
even speed, is the control of the frequency or 
speed. All the generators on the system, 
whether driven by waterwheels or steam 
turbines, are provided with sensitive governors 
which are automatic in their action and 
absolutely control the speed within very close 


limits. Even if a very large part of the load 
is suddenly thrown off or a very large load 
comes on instantly, these governors control 
the speed so that the change would be almost 
imperceptible except to the experienced 
observer. The control of speed is accom¬ 
plished by changing or varying the amount of 
water or steam admitted to the water or steam 
turbines to which the generators are connected. 

It has been intimated herein that the 
transformation of voltage for the use of the 
customer must be done at a point as near to 
his location as possible. This means that 
transformers or substations must be located at 
frequent intervals in the territory being served 
in order to properly refine and distribute the 
current so that it will be one hundred per 
cent suited to the customer's needs. At these 
substations are located the transformers, 
which transform the high-tension or high- 
voltage current to the proper voltage for 
distribution; the switches which control the 
flow of current; the voltage regulators which 
regulate the voltage going out to the custom¬ 
er; and the lightning arresters which remove 
from the lines the lightning discharges which 
might otherwise destroy the apparatus. 

In order to give good service to every 
customer the company has installed thirteen 
substations, where the voltage is reduced and 
the power is refined and regulated and the 
current sent out on the distribution lines to 
the customers. Six of these substations are 
located in or on the outskirts of Utica. These 
are located at Washington Street, Cornelia 











Street, East Utica, West Utica, New York 
Mills Company and at New Hartford, each 
serving a particular locality nearby. 

In addition to these substations the Sau- 
quoit Valley is served by a substation at 
Sauquoit. A substation serves Clinton and 
vicinity, and a substation is located at each 
of the following cities and villages: Rome, 
Holland Patent, Uion, Trenton Falls and 
Dolgeville. Some of these substations serve 
two or more villages or localities. 

The supply of service to the customer is 
further protected and refined by installing 
lightning arresters on the poles at numerous 
points near the customer’s home or place of 
business, which remove lightning discharges 
from the lines, as previously described. 

It is not feasible to distribute electricity 
through the towns and along the highways to 
any extent at the low voltage which customers 
require, so an intermediate higher voltage, 
such as 2,300 volts, 4,000 volts, or 13,200 volts, 
is employed in order to give proper service and 
to keep down as much as is possible the invest¬ 
ment required for copper wires and conductors. 
Close to the consumer this voltage is again 
reduced by so-called “distribution trans¬ 
formers” which are usually located near the 
tops of poles and which reduce the voltage to 
110, 220, or other voltage required for ultimate 
use. From these transformers wires are carried 
along the streets and into the homes and places 
of business as required. 

The customer demands that when he 
requires service he will find electricity at his 
command upon the mere closing of the switch 
and that it shall be of constant voltage and 
frequency. He does not wish to have his 
lights fluctuate up and down nor his motors 
speeding up and then slowing down. These 
requirements mean that an endless variety and 
number of devices must be installed by the 
company between the source of supply and the 
customer. Some of these devices are very 
rugged in their construction, while others are 
so delicate that they are worthy of the skill 
of the watchmaker in their manufacture and 
adjustment. 

A further reason why it is necessary to 
control the speed or frequency is to protect the 
generators themselves from the disastrous 
effects of over-speeding. Instances can be cited 
where generators, turbines, and waterwheels 
have gone out of control and burst from the 


effects of centrifugal forces, with disastrous 
results. 

Machines used in manufacturing processes 
are likewise subject to the same effects from 
over-speeding. In some instances in this 
locality there are many machines which, if 
over-speeded by only a slight percentage above 
normal, would tear themselves apart. Fre¬ 
quency or speed control is, therefore, of the 
greatest importance. Where the frequency is 
allowed to get out of control, it also may 
produce fluctuations in voltage, which will 
result in a great annoyance to persons using 
electric light. 

Likewise, the voltage or pressure of the 
current at the generators is kept almost 
exactly constant by ingenious electrical de¬ 
vices. This, however, is not sufficient to give 
good service at the distant markets. When 
large amounts of power are passing over the 
transmission system, losses in voltage and 
power occur so that the current must be again 
refined at the substations before it is dis¬ 
tributed. If we go into a modern distribution 
substation we will find tank-like machines 
with intricate systems of motors and switches 
which raise or lower the pressure of the cur¬ 
rent going out to the customers in proportion 

A section of the hoop and stave pipe line which brings the 
water from the dam to the turbines at the Trenton Falls 
Plant of the Utica Gas & Electric Company. This flume 
is reinforced by a concrete trough along its entire length 
of 3,460 feet. A portion of it is of steel construction. 

The pipe is seven feet in diameter 







The Little Falls Substation of the Utica Gas <£• Electric Company, Little Falls. This plant has a capacity of 1,600 H. P. 
The dam which controls the water flow has a storage on watershed of seven billion six hundred million cubic feet 


to the amount being used so that the indi¬ 
vidual customer always receives his current 
at exactly the right voltage to give the best 
results. These regulators are so made that, 
no matter what the conditions may be, the 
customers’ voltage will be uniform. 

It is seen that, after provision has been 
made in the way of mechanical and electrical 
apparatus, the customer will get a finished 
product in the form of electricity that is 
always at his command, always at the proper 
voltage and always at the proper frequency. 

Were not these precautions taken and 
were these regulation devices entirely missing 
or in their crude forms, the user of electricity 
would find as much difference between raw 
energy and the refined delivered electricity 
as between rough pig iron and the finely 
finished hairspring in a watch. 

From what has been written the reader 
will understand that a great amount of pre¬ 
caution is taken and a large number of devices 
employed in order to so refine the current that 
its quality will always be one hundred per cent 
and there will be no occasion to complain that 
the very best service is not now being received. 

Contrast this kind of service with that 
given by a plant in some small out-of-the-way 
place, which is not provided with voltage 
regulators, frequency control, etc., and the 
difference between raw and refined energy will 
be readily appreciated. The comparison is 


not at all unlike that between iron ore and the 
finished mechanical product. In many small 
towns, particularly those supplied from gen¬ 
erators located in manufacturing plants, the 
customer is subjected to constant annoyance 
through the fluctuation of voltage, and the 
brightness of his lamps, and not infrequently 
to having his lights go entirely out for long or 
short periods of time while some adjustment is 
being made in the plant. In the larger elec¬ 
tricity supply system, such occurrences are 
not only intolerable, but every effort should 
be made to make them impossible. This high 
grade of service is the aim and object of the 
Utica Gas & Electric Company, and no effort 
is spared to be sure that the customer receives it. 

The reader will form some idea of the 
intricacy of the system by referring to the 
diagram of an electric system and bearing in 
mind the fact that this shows but one branch 
of the great highway between the generating 
station and the switch in his home, store, 
office or factory. 

It was mentioned herein that the electric 
current is transformed up to high voltages 
for transmission. If this were not done, then 
size, weight and cost of conductors and sup¬ 
ports would be such that it would not be 
practical nor profitable to transmit the raw 
energy from the distant power plant to the 
market. 

Upon arriving close to the point of con- 


94 
























transform down to these voltages the company 
has thousands of transformers, some of them 
very small and some very large, distributed 
through the streets and at the various indus¬ 
tries. One small transformer will frequently 
serve a considerable number of residences or 
individual consumers. 

The street lighting systems in the different 
towns are connected to special circuits at the 
various substations, from which they are 
supplied through transformers or rectifiers, 
built especially for this service and designed 
to feed the correct voltage and current to 
each lamp. 

Every electric circuit, whether high ten¬ 
sion or low tension for distribution, is provided 
with lightning arresters and oil circuit breakers 
to protect against lightning strokes and many 
other disturbances which might affect the 
system. 

Even though every known device to pre¬ 
vent trouble is provided, troubles will occur at 
times. We never know when or where the 
trouble will occur, but, to take care of these 
emergencies, service men with automobiles 
are kept in readiness day and night, and when 
any trouble occurs, whether it be a blown fuse 
in an individual residence or a transmission 
line cut in two by lightning, the men are at 
the scene of the trouble in a few minutes, 
restoring service. It is hard to realize the 
number of men who are constantly on the 
watch to keep the service in its normal condi¬ 
tion, and who are ready at all times by their 
clear thinking, quick action and hard work to 
prevent trouble or to restore service after an 
interruption. 

Up to this point we have considered only 
the physical part of the equipment of the 
company. 

.4 view of the Electrical Laboratory where electric meters 
are tested and where other standards are established 


One of the benches v'here electric meters are thoroughly 
tested by experts before being placed in service 

sumption the voltage is transformed down to a 
value that is considered safe to carry about in 
the streets. There are three voltages for 
distribution on the Utica Company’s system, 
namely, 2,300 volts, 4,000 volts and 13,000 
volts. 

In some of the smaller towns the 2,300- 
volt system is used, while in Utica and to an 
increasing extent elsewhere the 4,000-volt 
system is in use. 

On account of the large amount of elec¬ 
tricity used in the larger industries it has been 
found not only desirable, but necessary, to 
build distribution lines to operate at 13,200 
volts. One of these lines will transmit all the 
energy that a very large manufacturing plant 
can use. The 4,000-volt line would be only 
sufficient to transmit a part of the require¬ 
ments of some of our large local industries, but 
is of ample capacity for serving houses and 
the smaller industries. 

From all of these distribution lines, power 
is supplied to the various customers at 110, 
220 and 440 volts. The latter voltage is used 
only in some special industries. In order to 

Precision Instrument Bench, Electrical Laboratory. All 
field instruments are tested periodically to insure accuracy 



























Interior of the Hydro-Electric Station of the Utica Gas & Electric Company's Plant at Dolgeville. 

is 2,800 II. P. 


This plant's capacity 


Mere machines, however perfect they may 
be, cannot make a finished product from the 
raw materials. Something more is necessary 
and that something is intelligent supervision 
and control. 

Back of all the apparatus and equipment 
are the men who plan the system and con¬ 
stantly supervise its operation. The engineers 

This is a view of the stockroom of the Utica Gas & Electric 
Company. It is maintained at the Cornelia Street 
Station and contains a complete stock of everything 
necessary to good service 



who plan the structural design and equipment 
have little occasion to come into contact with 
the consumer of the service, but on these 
men primarily rests the responsibility for 
designing and supervising the construction of 
plants and lines and placing in them the 
equipment which will reliably and satisfac¬ 
torily do the work. The construction men 
follow the plans of the designing engineers, 
construct the buildings and other structures 
and install theequipment. This work must, of 
course, be done with extreme care and accura¬ 
cy so that the stations, and apparatus in them, 
will not give trouble after they are placed in 
service. After the construction men are 
through, the operating men take charge of the 
various devices, and by their constant care 
and watchfulness keep the equipment doing 
its part of the work with almost perfect 
regularity. All of the apparatus is so carefully 
made and thoroughly supervised that the sys¬ 
tem is operated with an almost unbelievably 
small amount of trouble. 

All of the electric plants of the company 
are connected together by high-voltage trans- 






















The interior of the Little Falls Hydro-Electric Station of the Utica Gas <{• Electric Company showing the three 

generating units in operation 


mission lines. Each plant feeds its quota of 
power into the transmission system, which 
may be likened to a reservoir, and power is 
drawn out of the system at any point required. 
If any plant cannot supply its full power or 
is shut down, as may occur at Little Falls 
due to ice trouble, the other plants will make 
up the shortage and give continuous power 
in Little Falls as well as elsewhere. One of 
the duties of the Load Dispatcher is to keep 
in touch with all these conditions and to see 
that there is sufficient equipment in operation 
at all times to take care of any reasonable 
contingencies. However, there are times 
when even a high degree of foresight cannot 
prevent trouble. 

Like all well-regulated affairs, the system 
has to depend upon a single nerve center for 
regularity in operation. 

This nerve center is at the office of the 
Chief Load Dispatcher, who, together with 
his staff, is located at the Washington Street 
Station. Immediately in front of the Chief 
Load Dispatcher are certain instruments which 
instantly register the occurrence of trouble on 

97 _____ 


any part of the system. In each station and 
substation are numerous instruments, watched 
carefully by the operators, which show them 
what is going on. Each generator, line and 
piece of equipment has its own instruments to 
show its voltage, the amount of current 
carried, the frequency and every kind of infor¬ 
mation necessary for proper operation and 
supervision. The intelligent use of the infor- 


Warehouse at the Cornelia Street Station of the Utica 
Gas & Electric Company 



























The Utica Gas & Electric Company's proposed Steam Generating Plant at Harbor Point 


mation so obtained enables these men to work 
together as a unit and to produce the refined 
energy for which the customer pays. 

Assume that we were in the Load Dis¬ 
patcher’s Office at the time of a sleet storm up 
on Deerfield Hill. Without any warning to 
the Dispatcher both lines were put out of 
service by the sleet and high wind, thus 

shutting off all the 

The surge tank and power supply from 
standpipe at Irenton 

Falls Station Trenton Falls. The 

Load Dispatcher’s 
Office immediately be¬ 
comes a point of in¬ 
tense activity. The 
Dispatcher knew, of 
course, that the trouble 
was on one of the 
high-tension lines, and 
he made a very quick 
inspection of his 
switchboard to see 
which lines were in 
trouble. Finding that 
the Trenton Falls lines 
were the ones inter¬ 
rupted, he signaled the 
steam plant to start 


the turbines and to begin immediately 
forcing fires under the boilers. In two and 
one-half minutes from the time of interrup¬ 
tion the steam turbines had been brought up 
to speed, connected to the system and full 
supply of power was restored. Contrast this 
with the length of interruption which would 
have been experienced had it not been for the 
steam plant. This would have been eight 
hours forty-nine minutes, because it was not 
possible to repair the first transmission line 
and get Trenton Falls transmission connected 
with Utica in a shorter time. 

Each hour a complete report from all the 
stations and substations on the entire system 
comes to the Chief Load Dispatcher over the 
telephone. This report is constantly studied 
and from it he knows at all times the require¬ 
ments of every part of the system. lie tells 
the operators in each of the various water¬ 
power plants and the steam plant when to 
put on and when to take off generators; lie 
directs the amount of load to be carried by the 
different lines and sees that the requirements 
of each station and substation are fully met. 

It is only in case of a total failure of the 
main power supply that the customers suffer 
an interruption. Any power trouble on single 

















* 


■■ 





The large picture shows the Load Dispatching Room at 
the Washington Street Station of the Utica Gas <(• Electric 
Company. The man in the center of the picture is the 
Chief Load Dispatcher, who directs the operation of the 
entire system. 

By means of reports coming to him every hour from all 
the stations and substations, the Chief Load Dispatcher 
is able to tell the requirements of every part of the system. 

He i nstmets the operators in the various water plants and 
in the steam plant when to put in and when to take off 
the generators; he directs the loading of the different lines 
and sees that the requirements of every station and sub¬ 
station are fully supplied. The Load Dispatcher has 
certain supervisory instruments by his desk which instantly 
indicate to him the occurrence of any serious trouble in 
any part of the system. 

The operators in the stations and substations are constantly 
watching the meters and indicating devices on their respec¬ 
tive switchboards. These meters show the loads and the 
voltage of every machine, line and piece of equipment 
necessary to the producing , refining and distributing of the 
electrical power. By means of these meters the operators 
are enabled to know at all times the exact condition of the 
load on the part of the system in their charge. 

Every day in the year and every minute of every day the 
Chief Load Dispatcher, or one of the Assistant Chief Load 
Dispatchers, is at the desk shown in the picture. Ilnw they 
work and the problems they sometimes face is told in the 
general discussion. 

Every second of every day, throughout the entire twenty- 
four hours, operators are on watch at every station and sub¬ 
station, for the task of supplying a great industrial 
center like the Upper Mohawk Valley with the highest 
quality of power and light is a never-ending one. 

Night and day there are trouble men, expert electricians 
skilled in the needs of the various departments, at the call 
of the Chief Load Dispatcher and the trouble clerk, and so in every city, town and village to which power and light are furnished 
by the Utica Gas if- Electric Company there is always a sufficient supply of highest quality power to satisfy every demand. 
The panel picture shows the switchboards at the Washington Street Station. 


99 



































The Boiler Room at the Washington Street Station of the Utica Gas <{- Electric Company. Here are twelve boilers, each 
with a rated capacity of 650 boiler horsepower, totaling 7,800 boiler horsepower. You will note the clean appearance of 

the floors. This enterprise keeps its house in order 


units or smaller plants is cleared off the lines 
automatically, and there is no disturbance to 
the service, since all of the load is carried by 
other machines or plants. 

To the manufacturer of textile goods, 
particularly, the value of steady, even flow of 
power at the right voltage and with a constant 
speed needs no recommendation. To him 
these qualities are absolutely essential, for 
his product must have a perfectly even texture. 
Machines on which such goods are made 
cannot produce these results unless they are 
driven at a uniform rate of speed. 

These machines are particularly sensitive 
to wide variations in speed, and many of them 
are so constructed and work so near to their 
limiting speeds that they would be wrecked if 
they should be subjected to speeding up to any 
extent. 

Certain of the processes involved in the 
manufacture of textile goods also demand that 
the power be continuous. A stoppage for even 
a brief period might cause losses of goods in 


process. Such is the case, also, to a lesser 
extent, in foundry work and many other lines 

«/ *7 

of business. 

In electric furnace work it is also necessary 
to have steady, even current flowing uninter¬ 
ruptedly in order to produce the proper results. 
In this work, interruptions for any appreciable 
length of time have a disastrous effect, as the 
metal contained in the furnaces rapidly loses 
its heat and “freezes.” 

In many other applications of electricity 
to heating processes, such as the various classes 
of ovens, a continuous and even supply of 
current is also absolutely necessary. 

In every line of enterprise, it is most 
essential that the supply of electricity should 
be constant, and of the proper quality. When 
this supply fails, or its quality is not accept¬ 
able, the industry is at a standstill, while the 
payroll goes on. 

Recognizing the importance of all these 
factors, every resource of engineering skill 
and construction has been employed to bring 

100 

































Steam Turbines at the Washington Street Plant of the Utica Gas <£ Electric Company. There are four of these turbines 

capable of producing 26,000 II. P. 


the supply of current up to the standard 
required, in order to meet these conditions. 
At the source, the water supply and coal 
supply, requisite to produce electricity in 
proper quantities, are carefully watched; and 
every precaution is taken to see that they are 
available in sufficient quantities so that by 
no chance shall the supply be interrupted. 
Constant study is being made of the present 
conditions and future prospects, with a view to 
determining in advance what the requirements 
and the market will be, not only one, but 
several years in advance, so that proper pro¬ 
vision may be made in plenty of time to supply 
that market. This latter activity alone is one 
of the most important features, and it is 
constantly being investigated by the Com¬ 
pany's Engineers. 

Plans are continuously being made for new 
developments and new equipment, which may 
not be needed for long periods in advance. 
Every possibility is carefully studied in the 
light of the latest engineering knowledge to 
insure that when these developments are made 

101 


they will accurately and fully supply the needs 
of the time in accordance with the best 
practice. 

So many revolutinary advances are being 
made at frequent intervals in every field of 
endeavor that it is not unusual to find it 
necessary to literally recast the schemes of 
development which have been more or less 
perfectly drawn up. Constant research is 
being carried on along these lines, and every 
effort made to keep abreast of all advances 
being made in this field of endeavor. 

Refinement in electric service begins at 
the generating plant with the control of speed 
or frequency at the generators, and the auto¬ 
matic control of the voltage. As this current 
proceeds out over the transmission lines, 
further refinements become necessary at the 
distributing centers, where the voltage is again 
adjusted to give proper value at the customers’ 
premises. 

So long as all goes well, the customer 
receives satisfactory service; but in times of 
storm, and for various other reasons, interrup- 
























Drafting Room, Field Engineering Department, Utica 
Gas <{• Electric Company 


tions are bound to occur; and then the human 
factor as represented by the trouble men and 
the other branches of service enters into the 
problem. These men are constantly on watch, 
and when occasion demands are quickly at the 
scene of trouble to remedy it. 

With all these precautions, with a high 
grade of apparatus and construction, inter¬ 
ruptions on our lines and to the service 
of the individual customer are extremely few. 
Research is continually going on to devise 
means of reducing these interruptions to an 
absolute minimum, and the most gratifying 
success has attended these efforts. Interrup¬ 
tions are so few that even the slightest 
interruption occasions considerable comment, 
as they occur at most infrequent intervals. 

This is what is meant by refined electric 
energy, as contrasted with raw energy so often 
supplied in many communities. 

During the past few years research has 
been made into the subject of proper illumi¬ 
nation. Careful studies have shown that very 
greatly increased efficiency and production 
have resulted where proper illumination has 
been provided. 

We are all familiar with the unpleasant 
effects of working where conditions of lighting 
are such as to strain the eyes. This may be 
caused by either an insufficient amount of 
illumination, lights improperly placed, or from 
the glare from bright objects. 

A great amount of work has been done 
toward the establishment of a code prescribing 
the proper methods of factory, store and office 
illumination. It is now possible to design 
illumination which will be effective for any 
special or particular purpose just as easily as 


to design a machine or building for a special 
purpose. 

Manufacturers and many others now find 
it extremely profitable to submit their prob¬ 
lems to Illuminating Engineers, and to have 
their lighting, windows, etc., laid out so as to 
produce the best results. 

The Utica Gas & Electric Company, 
realizing that its customers might have diffi¬ 
culty in securing competent advice along 
these lines, has a corps of Illuminating Engi¬ 
neers which is competent to give advice and 
service of this kind: and this service is avail¬ 
able to its customers. 

Ninety out of every hundred who read this 
book will be householders, and power, dis¬ 
tributed in the form of electricity, plays just 
as important a part in the modern house 
economy as it does in the greatest industrial 
plants. 

Not long ago the electrically wired home 
was the exception rather than the rule and 
considered by most of us a novelty and a 
luxury. Today electricitv has come to be 
recognized as a necessity by people in every 
walk of life. We have found electricity to be 
a time and labor-saver, which enables the 
modern housewife to accomplish more in her 
home, with less effort and greater efficiency. 

Most people are now finding in electricity 
an element of practical saving, as well as an 
economical factor, that is aiding them to add 
years to their lives and enabling them to get 
more pleasure out of life. 

Homes, today, that are not wired for 
electricity are practically unsalable, and, if 
for lease, can only be rented to those few who 
have not come to realize the full value of this 
time-saving necessity. 


Drafting Room, Electric Engineering Department, Utica 
Gas <£• Electric Company 


















The modern housewife demands elec¬ 
tricity not because she is extravagant or 
luxury-loving, but because she knows she 
accomplishes more in her home with less exer¬ 
tion and with greater potency. The head of 
the house who has the interest of his family 
at heart wants it, not only because of its 
illuminating value, but because he knows that 
it prolongs the life of his wife, enables her to 
give more time to her children and thus 
greater pleasure to all. 

Where would the housewife be today 
without electricity? How much could she 
accomplish if she had to depend upon the 
old carpet-beater, the washboard, the flat 
iron? One might answer that she would be as 
well off as her ancestors without taking into 
consideration that the woman of a decade ago 
was more of a slave than anything else, com¬ 
pelled to live a life of drudgery, working from 
early morn far into the night. 

With the vacuum cleaner, the woman of 
today goes over her rugs and carpets, cleaning 
them more efficiently in a few minutes than 
where hours were spent beating and sweeping 
a few' years ago. Instead of exhausting herself 
completely by moving furniture, lifting rugs 
and carpets and taking them to the back yard 
for the annual house cleaning, she manipu¬ 
lates the electric vacuum cleaner for a short 
time each week and restores the rng or carpet 
to its original brilliancy. 

The same may be said of the electric 
washer. Where not so long ago the house- 



Tke Warren Clock, a very delicate and precise instrument 
used to measure current load. The Load Dispatcher can 
tell by its registrations just what his total load is at any 
time. This information is of vital importance to him at 
all times 

wife who did her washing spent the best part 
of two days getting it out of the way and 
wasted considerable vitality, the woman of 
today has cast the health-ruining washboard 
into the rubbish pile and goes cheerfully and 


As you approach Utica, if you are on the train, you will notice this sign of the Library Bureau, the more so if after 
dark when it is lighted. There are few people who have passed that way but are acquainted with this name and ivhat it 

stands for. This is good advertising 



103 











s 




The great Hinckley Dam which holds hack the waters of West Canada Creek and thus forms the Hinckley Reservoir which 

has a storage capacity of 3,Ho,000,000 cubic feet 


contentedly about her work, knowing she has 
a longer lease of life. 

Ask her what she thinks of electricity. 
Try to sell or rent her a home where electricity 
has not been installed, and you will find how the 
electric light, the electric flatiron, fan, heater 
and various other household appliances all 
play a big part in making her abode “Home, 
Sweet Home.” 

Electricity is bringing to the farmer and 
his wife the advantages of city life. They, 
too, enjoy illumination by electricity and 
operate labor-saving devices and other equip¬ 
ment with this concentrated force. To elec¬ 
tricity they owe running water, and its 
associated conveniences, not only in the house, 
but in the barns and for irrigation. What 
were farmhouses have now become country 
homes. Electricity enables the farmer to go 
about his work of furnishing food for the 
world a great deal more efficiently and with a 
large saving in labor. This saving is rightly 
credited to profit. Some authorities claim 
that for every farm now electrically equipped 
there will be ten such farms in the next five 
years. The farmer who has a power line in his 
vicinity will find it to his advantage to use 
electricity in both home and on the farm. 

The value of electricity to the merchant is 
incalculable. He depends upon it for the 
effective illumination of his place of business. 
Without electricity, our stores and shops 
would appear dingy indeed. The revolution 
in window illumination alone is one of the 
most remarkable achievements of electrical 
lighting. There is an almost unlimited 
variety of lighting effects possible for window 
displays, and it is possible to have continu¬ 
ously changeable lighting effects or to change 
the lighting in the windows from day to day, 
or week to week, as desired. 

The advertising value of the electric sign 


is too well known to require comment. The 
electric sign is almost entirely changing the 
aspect of the main street in every city or town 
in the United States, and is, perhaps, charac¬ 
teristic of American cities. The installation 
of electric signs is a matter calling for a very 
high degree of ingenuity, and is a recognized 
specialty. The problem of making a sign 
visible from the greatest distance is one which 
is of the utmost importance in many instances, 
and is in the province of the Illuminating 
Engineer. 

There are many services in mercantile 
establishments which would be impossible 
without the effective use of electricity. Take, 
for instance, the problem of transporting 
customers from floor to floor. The electric 


What would the pioneer settlers of Utica have thought had 
they been permitted to see such a sign as this, apparently 
unsupported and visible at quite a distance 



104 
























These are two interior views of the Service Garage of the Utica Gas <£• Electric Company. The interior of this garage had to be 
made in two pictures to give a fair conception of hoiv important a feature the automotive vehicle has become in helping to mam- 
tain the highest quality of service back of the highest quality of power. The upper picture shows part of the fleet of fourteen 
trucks tised by the company for various purposes. A large number of the trucks are used by the linesmen who keep the 
hundreds of tniles of wires and the regulatory devices used in connection with the same in order, while others are used by the 
construction crews which are constantly employed in placing new lines in new territory or enlarging the service lines in other 
sections. The passenger car fleet, consisting of thirty-one cars, ranging from runabouts to seven-passenger cars, is used for 
various purposes, from taking trouble men on hurry-up calls to transporting the officials and engineers from one plant to 
another. The automotive vehicle has proved its worth in helping a public utility serve the public 



A service gang of the Utica Gas <(• Electric Company and 
truck ready to answer the call of duty 


The first automobile truck owned and operated by the 
Utica Gas <(• Electric Company 


105 












Large, gas-fired, heat-treating machinery at The Savage Arms Corporation. The uses of gas as a cheap, efficient heat is 
becoming more and more the rule in industry. You will also notice that the machinery is electrically powered 


elevator has made possible the conduct of a 
retail business on all of the many floors of 
modern buildings, and has made the modern 
office building a possibility. Electricity has 
also made it possible to put on the market a 
large number of devices which are electrically 
operated, and has increased the variety of 
products sold by the merchant. There is an 
endless variety of devices used in mercantile 
establishments and offices which would be 
impractical without electricity, such as adding 
machines, cash carriers, teleautographs, and 
the like. 

The Utica Gas & Electric Company, as 
the name indicates, is also a large manufac¬ 
turer, refiner and distributor of gas. We 
look upon gas in the same manner as we look 
upon electricity. We accept it as one of our 
rights, use it, and think little or nothing of 
what is back of the valve which is turned 
when we are in need of gas. 

The gas we burn today is really gaseous 
fuel, differing only from coal or wood in its 
physical state. Each of these fuels and a 


great many other combustible substances 
depend more or less on the carbon which they 
contain for their heating value. 

In order to make this gas, a manufactur¬ 
ing plant has been built which is, in reality, a 
great chemical laboratory, transforming raw 
products such as coal and oil from their 
original state into a gaseous substance, clean¬ 
ing this gas of all impurities and then deliver¬ 
ing it to the place where it can be used as the 
customer sees fit for a great many different 
purposes. The manufacturing of gas is just 
as great a revelation to the layman as is the 
manufacturing of electricity. While elec¬ 
tricity has always been accepted as a product, 
back of which there was a certain amount of 
engineering skill and scientific knowledge, gas 
making was regarded as something which was 
of little import and conducted rather as a 
trade. As a matter of fact, it requires as 
high a grade of engineering skill to produce 
and distribute gas as it does to produce elec¬ 
tricity. For this reason a number of tech¬ 
nically trained experts are required to conduct 


IOC 









The model electric home. This beautiful modern home was built for the exclusive purpose of demonstrating electrical 
appliances, their economy and benefits to present-day Americans. Located in Utica, the movement teas sponsored by the 
electrical interest and supported by the whole business community. It is electrically equipped from cellar to garret with 
the most modern appliances. It teas a complete success and a mighty educational force to all icho saiv it 


the manufacturing and distributing of gas on 
a commercial basis. 

In the water-gas process, used by the 
Utica Gas & Electric Company, coal and oil 
are the two products which are used in the 
manufacture of gas. The coal is brought 
in on the railroad and unloaded into a storage 
bin for use in the plant, or piled out in the 
storage yard so there will be a constant 
reserve supply to take care of variations in 
the railroad shipments and contingencies, 
such as mine and railroad strikes. 

The oil is brought in tank cars from the 
oil fields of Pennsylvania or Texas and un¬ 
loaded into large storage tanks which will 
hold sufficient oil to last for at least three 
months. 

The gas is made in large tank-like ma¬ 
chines called water-gas generators by a very 
carefully worked out process, which requires 
expert supervision and constant control. The 
coal is charged into these machines by means 
of a charging larry, while oil is pumped in 
through a pipe line in carefully measured 
quantities. The chemical process itself con¬ 
sists of passing steam through a deep firebed 
of fuel which is maintained at a temperature 
of about 1700° F. The steam, under these 
conditions, is broken up into its component 
parts of hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen 
unites with the carbon in the coal-forming 
carbon monoxide, while some of the hydrogen 

107 


unites with the carbon of the coal, forming 
methane. 

This mixture of gases then passes on to the 
second chamber at the top of the machine, 
where the oil is added in the form of a fine 
spray, coming in contact with a fire brick 
checker work in this chamber. This checker 
work is maintained at a temperature of about 
1450° F, is completely broken up into an oil 
gas which mixes with the generator gas, form¬ 
ing the raw illuminating gas used by our 
customers. Periodically the machine has to 
be reheated in order to keep the correct 
temperatures in the separate parts of the 
machine. Delicate temperature-measuring 
devices are installed in the apparatus for 
constantly keeping track of these tempera¬ 
tures, and meters are installed for carefully 
measuring the amount of oil and steam added. 
One or more of these machines are in constant 
operation throughout the twenty-four hours, 
Sundays and holidays, in order that a suffi¬ 
cient supply of gas may be kept on hand to 
meet the varying requirements of the dis¬ 
trict covered. 

From the water-gas machine the gas 
passes into a relief holder, which takes care of 
the fluctuation in the instantaneous rates of 
making gas and then through the condensers. 
These condensers cool the gas down to a tem¬ 
perature slightly below the outside tempera¬ 
ture in order to remove from it as much of the 






























Views of Prospect Park on West Canada Creek and over¬ 
looking the beautiful Kuyrakoora Falls. This attractive 
natural park is owned and maintained by the Utica Gas <(• 
Electric Company. It is used by their employees as an 
outing place and for picnic grounds. However, it is also 
open to the public and has only such restrictions as will 
prevent mutilation and destruction. many as eight 
hundred visitors a day have enjoyed the privileges extended 
by this progressive organization. The company has built 
a number of rustic ovens, each fitted until an iron grating, 
upon which one may set pots and pans. Over each is a 
scaffold for roasting or barbecuing meats. Beside each is 
a neatly arranged pile of wood of proper length for the 
stove. Garbage receptacles are provided. Seats and 
tables are conveniently located in the shade near each stove. 
A little to the left of the entrance gate and following around 
the water s edge the ground falls away, forming a bluff. 
From this vantage point the visitor looks across the gorge 
and waterfalls, as beautiful as any in this section of the 
country. As one proceeds up the river he finds that the 
ground slopes to the water level and merges itself in the 
valley floor. Here is quiet water for boating, deep pools 
alive with trout and shallow water in which the children 
can wade. Altogether it forms one of nature’s own garden 
spots; and that the people of surrounding communities, as 
well as transient tourists, appreciate it is evidenced by 
the fact that a large number of people visit it each week. 
Automobilists desiring to visit this park should drive to the 
village of Prospect, then turn to the right at the church and 
public green, taking the Russia turnpike and crossing the 
West Canada Creek bridge. On crossing the bridge the 
entrance to the park will be seen at the left. The Utica Gas 
<£• Electric Company invites you to visit Prospect Park 







11 ritten large upon the evening sky where “he who runs may read ” is this sign: Utica Gas & Electric Company. The 

region it serves has come to know that its watchword is Service 


water as possible, as well as tar. From these 
condensers the gas passes through a long pipe 
line to the work’s pumps, which force the gas 
through the rest of the condensing system and 
into the large storage holder. 

The great storage holder receives the gas 
as it is made and provides a place for storage 
so that, while the gas is made in constant 
quantities every hour of the day, there is in 
the holder a sufficient quantity to always 
supply the requirements of the noon and 
evening hours, when there is an extra demand 
for gas for domestic use. 

The complete mechanical operation of the 
plant is in charge of a foreman who is supplied 
with a gauge board, equipped with indicating 
and recording instruments showing instantly 
the exact condition of all the pieces of appa¬ 
ratus in the plant. In this way he is able to 
constantly direct the operation, and the 
instant he sees anything whatever in the way 
of trouble he is able to take care of it at once. 

The composition and heat value of the 
gas is constantly being checked in the Gas 
Works Control Laboratory. Tests are con¬ 
tinually made here of the coal and oil in use 
and of the gas at various stages of manufac¬ 
ture so as to be sure that each piece of appa¬ 
ratus is functioning properly from a chemical 
standpoint. 

The Public Service Commission has speci¬ 
fied that the gas shall be supplied at the value 
of 537 B.T.U. per cubic feet and the gas is 

109 


tested at frequent intervals to make sure that 
this value is constantly maintained. 

After the gas is made and placed in the 
storage holder it is necessary to transport it 
to each individual user in whatever quantity 
he may desire to use it. In order to do this 
the City of Utica and surrounding territory 
is completely filled with an intricate network 
of piping. The city demand is fed directly 
from the storage holder through a large station 
governor which automatically maintains a 
constant gas pressure throughout the whole 
city under all conditions. 

The outskirts of the city and neighboring 
towns are supplied with gas under high pres¬ 
sure at about 30 lbs. per square inch, and this 
supply is maintained by one or more of the 

How effective and result-getting the electric sign is as an 
advertising medium statistics do not yet show, but cer¬ 
tain it is that their number is on the increase 


Manufac 


CTURINg 










adi«onov:k rant and ucm cospoeAiK^ 


The picture at the top of the page 
shows one of the power stations of 
The Cohoes Power <{• Light Corpora¬ 
tion at Cohoes, N. Y.;the picture in 
the center illustrates one of the 
power stations of the Adirondack 
Power Light Corporation at 
Amsterdam, while the other picture 
shoivs an electric power station of 
the Municipal Gas Company at 
Albany. These three companies, in 
connection with the Utica Gas <£• 
Electric Company, have followed part 
of the suggestions as outlined in the 
Federal Government Superpower 
Survey and so connected their high- 
tension systems one with the other 
that any one company can receive 
additional power from the other 
companies if occasion demands. 
The co-operative spirit through 
which this reserve power is main¬ 
tained at all times mil prove a valu¬ 
able asset to the Valley 















































large compressors. These compressors pump 
the gas through the mains to each individual 
house, where a small individual governor 
reduces the pressure to that desired by the 
customer. 

Gas is pumped under this high pressure 
to Frankfort, Ilion, Mohawk, Herkimer and 
Little Falls. In some of these towns the gas 
pressure is reduced by means of a large gov¬ 
ernor which feeds the gas into gas holders. 
From the holders the gas is distributed 
through the towns at the pressure used by the 
customers. In parts of these towns the dis¬ 
tribution is done directly from the high- 
pressure mains. 

The gas delivered to the home or factory 
has to be measured by some type of meter. 
The meters used by the Utica Gas & Electric 
Company consist of a tin box containing an 
intricate and delicately adjusted positive dis¬ 
placement measuring device, which is one of 
the most trustworthy and accurate instru¬ 
ments on the market today. Records of some 
of these meters which have been in constant 
use for over twenty years and then removed 
show that they are still measuring true to 
within two per cent. However, in order to 
make sure of the accuracy of the measure¬ 
ment, each meter is removed from service 
every seven years and taken to the meter 
repair shop, where it is completely overhauled 
and put in first-class condition so far as the 

ill 


repairman knows. It is then subjected to an 
accuracy test, which is checked by the State 
Inspector, and, if it is approved by him, it f| 
is sealed with the stamp of the Public Service | 
Commission; if rejected, the meter is either | 
repaired to satisfactory adjustment or dis¬ 
carded. 

In order to take care of the hundreds of 
miles of gas mains, the thousands of governors, 
meters and all details of gas service, and to 
take care of leaks or remedy troubles as soon 
as they occur, the company maintains a large | 
group of men equipped with automobiles. 

In some cases where bad gas leaks occur, as 
will happen now and then, it is necessary for 
a man to use a gas mask in order that he may 
complete the repair without shutting off the 
supply of gas and discommoding the cus¬ 
tomers. These men are all highly trained gas 
men and whenever any trouble or complaint 
arises they visit the customer’s home or place 
of business and quickly make whatever 
adjustment or repairs may be necessary. 

Gas was first introduced into the United 
States in Baltimore in 1816 and was considered 
at that time a very freakish innovation. It 
was opposed on every hand by superstition 
and prejudice and even religious scruples. 
Nevertheless, it continued to be used more 

and more. Originallv it was used entirely- 
. . . . m 

for street illumination and for lighting busi¬ 
ness places and homes. The first gas stove was 






















Gas Laboratory at the Washington Street Plant, Utica 
Gas <&■ Electric Company. The company constantly con¬ 
ducts experiments of every charge of gas as it is manu¬ 
factured to be certain of its purity and quality 

exhibited in 1876 at the Philadelphia Cen¬ 
tennial by the Royal Baking Powder Com¬ 
pany. This stove received a great amount of 
comment and started the manufacturer to 
building gas stoves, but it was not until the 
early part of the present century that gas 
stoves came to be generally used in the homes. 
Now they are not only used in practically 
every home where gas is available, but prac¬ 
tically all large hotels and cafes, as well as 
public institutions, use them for cooking and 
baking. 

The instantaneous water-heater and the 
range-boiler heater are two applications of 
gas heating which are rapidly increasing in 
use. Gas is also being used to a much greater 
extent for the heating of homes and of large 
buildings. There is every reason to believe 
that in a few years the family coalbin and the 
industrial coalpile will, to a large extent, be a 
thing of the past in every section of the 
country where a proper gas supply is to be had. 

It has generally been supposed that gas 
and electricity were competitive services. 
This is not true, as electricity is being used 
almost entirely for light and power, while gas 
has dropped out of this field and is principally 
used as a fuel to supply heating requirements. 
In a few cases these two forms of energy over¬ 
lap, but only in a few isolated cases. Gas and 
electricity are so closely associated that it is 
far more practical for one organization to 
conduct the joint production of the two 


commodities than it is to produce them 
through separate organizations. 

Producing electricity and gas for commer¬ 
cial purposes is chiefly an engineering business, 
and so the men who direct the activities of the 
Utica Gas & Electric Company and many of 
their subordinates are trained engineers. 

Each of these men has a particular field 
of activity. Some are in charge of the 
planning of the work; others in charge of 
construction, and others in charge of opera¬ 
tion and maintenance. 

In a business which must grow to be in a 
position to supply the demands of a con¬ 
stantly expanding community it is necessary 
to conduct a great amount of research, with 
a view to planning for the future. A large 
number of men are regularly employed in 
this particular work. 

The possibilities of future demands for 
power, the sources of future supplies of power 
and other means of meeting the demands are 
continuously under investigation. Every new 
process of appliance which holds a promise of 
further economy or efficiency is eagerly in¬ 
vestigated and, if found worthy, is immediate¬ 
ly put into use. The executives of the com¬ 
pany hold that a system or organization, 
while it may be functioning perfectly today, is 
never a completed structure, and that only 
through faithful effort to bring together the 
very best men and the very best equipment 
and hold both to the highest standards can the 
proper service to the customer be maintained. 

Realizing that the market for power is 
ever expanding, the company has, for a long 


B. T. U. Testing Calorimeter in Gas Laboratory of 
Utica Gas & Electric Company 



112 


















































Coal to be used in the production of gas is hoisted into this 
tower through a conveyor system and fed inside the build¬ 
ing into a charging larry 

period, been considering the possibilities of 
adjacent territory and has plans for additional 
developments which will be made as fast as 
the market for power requires. Several sites 
are already owned by the company on which 
hvdro-electrical developments may be made. 

A transmission line is now being built con¬ 
necting the Utica Company with the Northern 
New York Utilities. This will provide a new 
source of power to the Utica Company; and, 
since the transmission line is run through an 
entirely different section of the country from 
any of the company’s other transmission lines, 
there is hardly a possibility of anything 
occurring which would give trouble on this 
line at the same time trouble may occur on 
any of the other lines. 

Within the past two or three years a 
commission of engineers, appointed by the 
United States Government, has made a study 
of and a report on the so-called “Superpower 
System.” This is a system of connecting up 
the large sources of hydro-electric power and 
steam power in such a way, by transmission 
lines, that they can to a large extent depend 
upon one another for power in case the 
generating plants are insufficient for the 
service. In the l pper Mohawk Valley this 
principle has been adopted and has already 
been put into use through the construction of 
transmission lines, connecting the systems ot 
the Utica Gas & Electric Company, the 

113 


Adirondack Power & Light Corporation, 
the Cohoes Power & Light Corporation and 
the Municipal Gas Company of Albany. 
When the connection with the New York 
Utilities is completed this spring it will also 
form a part of this scheme of inter-connection. 

This system of inter-connection is in full 
operation, and so each of the companies is in 
a position to purchase power from the others 
at such times as power is available. All this 
is of tremendous benefit to the customers, 
because it gives them an additional assurance 
that no extensive shortage or failure of power 
can possibly exist. 

In another section of this book are several 
pages devoted to a discussion of the industrial 
growth of the L'pper Mohawk Valley, and so 
it is natural that someone will ask how much 
power the Utica Gas & Electric Company can 
furnish the industries of the future. The 
answer to this question is that the Utica Gas 
& Electric Company is now able to supply 
every demand made upon it for power and 
light, and that it will be adequate to all 
demands made upon it for some time to come. 
The time is not far distant when every manu¬ 
facturing organization, large and small, in the 
territory served by the company will be using 
central station light and power. This is not 
printed in the form of a boast or as publicity, 
but is a statement of fact, based upon the 
economic necessity of the manufacturers in 
every line securing the highest quality of 


Charging larry is used to determine the correct amount by 
ireight of coal put into gas generators. It also serves as a 
transportation unit between coal chute and generators 






















power at the lowest possible power unit cost. 

The time is close at hand when there will 
be a large number of additional industries in 
the Upper Mohawk Valley and all these 
factories will be using central station power. 

With the steady, constant growth of the 
industries now in the Valley, and with the 
coming of the additional factories, there will 
be a noticeable increase in the population of 
the communities now served by the company. 
This increase in population will mean more 
homes to light, more streets to light and more 
stores and offices to furnish with illumination. 

This new industrial growth of the Upper 
Mohawk Valley may increase the present 
demand on the Utica Gas & Electric Company 
two-fold or it may increase it ten-fold, but, 
regardless of the magnitude of the demand, the 
company will see that it is filled. 

This book is a book of futures. It was 
written and published by the Utica Gas & 
Electric Company and every word herein is 
proof that the company, through its entire 
staff, has been measuring the future; every 
word in it is proof that the company is ready, 
through supplying the highest quality of 
power, to take its part in this expansion. 

The future industrial growth of the Upper 
Mohawk Valley is not so much a matter of 
figures as it is a willingness to serve. This 
company stands ready to serve. True service 
can come only through men. 

The management of the Utica Gas & 


The water-gas generator operator. From this position, 
before his different gauges, he controls the big generators 
shown in the picture above 




Gas Generators, Utica Gas & Electric Company's Gas 
Plant. There are four of these generators having a capac¬ 
ity of 3,000,000 cubic feet each per day 


Electric Company fully realizes that one of 
the principal assets of the company and one 
which directly affects the service to the public 
is a contented and active staff of employees. 
The company, therefore, has cheerfully en¬ 
couraged and supported many activities which 
tend to develop and maintain a spirit of 
friendly co-operation on the part of all the 
employees. 

Some two or three years ago a large room 
in one of the company’s buildings at Lafayette 
Street was transformed into a clubroom. 
The room has been provided with a moving 
picture machine, lantern and screen, so that 
gatherings may be enlivened by moving- 
pictures or lantern slides. There is also a 
complete kitchen and dining-room outfit and 
one of the finest dancing floors in Utica. 

In the summer of 1919 the employees of 
the company organized the Gas & Electric 
Club, and, while it is composed of the majority 
of the employees and executives of the com¬ 
pany, it is an independent organization and 
self-supporting. The club has monthly meet¬ 
ings, which are usually followed by dancing or 
some other form of entertainment. It also 
conducts picnics and outings and has been a 
great feature in bringing all the employees 
together, making one acquainted with the 
other and promoting a spirit of goodwill 
throughout the entire organization. 

The club also has a system of sick and 






















.-1 high-pressure gas compressor, steam driven, of Utica 
Gas <(• Electric Company at the Washington Street Gas 

Pla nt 

accident benefits, which are much appreciated 
by those who have occasion to call upon them, 
and also a death benefit. 

The club is now in its fourth year and 
during the past three years has paid out the 
sum of $.500 in death benefits and $3,041 in 
sick and relief benefits. It also has built up 
an interest account of $‘•2,.508, to which other 
sums will be added as conditions permit. The 
dues of the club art* seventy-five cents per 
month from each member and the member¬ 
ship now includes many of the employees and 
officials of the company. 

The present membership of the club is 33.5. 

The company for the last several years 
has provided a Christmas tree with presents 
for all the younger children of the employees. 
At the last Christmas tree approximately 
1.000 persons, including employees and their 

Repair Shop, Gas Department. I tica Gas <t Electric 
Company. Washington Street Plant 


Two electrically driven gas compressors of the Utica Gas t(- 
Electric Company. Capacity of all compressors operated 
is 350 m.c.f. per hour 

families, were present and gifts distributed to 
nearly .500 children. The entertainment con¬ 
sisted of a moving picture, followed by the 
giving of the presents, and ended with a dance. 

At some time during the summer for the 
last three years it has been the custom of the 
company to hold a picnic. The last picnic 
was held at Trenton Falls and was attended by 
1,000 employees, who enjoyed a basket 
picnic and numerous athletic events, including 
a ball game. 

It is over one hundred years since the 
Reverend .John Sherman, at one time pastor 
of the Unitarian Church at Oldenbarneveld. 
built a house which he called the “Rural 
Resort" at what is now Trenton Falls and 
invited the public to come and see the beauti¬ 
ful “Leaping Water." Thousands of guests 
visited this majestic gorge, with its wonderful 

Gas manufacturing foreman at gauge board, Washington 
Street Plant, Utica Gas tt* Electric Company 


11.5 


















series of rapids and falls. In the early fifties, 
a Mr. Moore built a large hotel at the falls. 
It is possible that as many world-famous 
people have stopped at this old landmark as 
any other one place in the country, and, 
though the falls have lost none of their beauty 
and are visited by thousands every year, the 
hotel has passed its days of usefulness and is 
to be taken down, as visitors find it more 
convenient to make the short run to Trenton 
Falls from Utica in an automobile. The site 
of this hotel and the old historic grounds are 
now the property of the Utica Gas & Electric 
Company and it is on these grounds that the 
company picnics are held. It is the intention 
of the company when the hotel is razed to 
build a large casino on the property, to lay 
out tennis courts, a baseball diamond and 
other recreational features for the use of the 
company employees. 

Where there are so many employees and 
so many activities there must be a way other 
than word of mouth whereby all the employees 
are regularly informed as to what is tran¬ 
spiring within the organization, so the com¬ 
pany started in June 1919 to publish a 
little paper for the benefit of the employees. 
The first few issues of this paper were called 
“The Flash,” but in January 1920 the name 
“Utica Gas & Electric News” was adopted. 
This paper is issued once a month and is con¬ 
ducted and contributions furnished by the 

Scene in the Meter Repair Department, Utica Gas Elec¬ 
tric Company. These meters arc required by law to be 
accurate to two per cent, but this concern beeps its meters 
absolutely 100 per cent accurate 




A gas meter proving machine, Utica Gas & Electric Com¬ 
pany, showing operator making a test. This operation 
determines the accuracy of meter. No meter is 
passed that is not accurate 

officials of the company and the employees 
and has proved to be very interesting to the 
entire personnel. The paper is published and 
distributed to the employees at their homes 
through the courtesy of the company. 

The company has also instituted group 
insurance and every employee who has been 
with the company over six months is entitled 
to participate in this insurance. The amounts 
of insurance range from a minimum of $500 to 
a maximum of $1,500. The premiums are 
paid by the company. This feature is greatly 
appreciated by the employees and is of par¬ 
ticular advantage to those who are overtaken 
by misfortune and who have only meager 
funds from which to draw. A number of the 
employees follow occupations which are class¬ 
ified as extra hazardous and, therefore, they 
would be unprotected by insurance if it were 
not for the group plan. 

The company goes further than the in¬ 
surance plan in its relations with its employees. 
It is the policy of the company to carry all of 
the officers and employees on either the 
monthly or weekly payroll and only a few 
temporary employees receive their pay on the 
daily basis. 

In one of the other chapters of this book 
it was said that a man must not only possess a 
willingness to serve, but he must also possess 
the ability to serve. The reader will naturally 
judge from the preceding description of the 




































Gas leak in high-pressure main being repaired by Dis¬ 
tribution Department men, Utica Gas <£- Electric Com¬ 
pany. The men are equipped with masks and pure air is 
forced down by the portable motor 

social side of the Utica Gas & Electric Com¬ 
pany that all the employees are willing to 
serve and the one question remaining is the 
ability to serve. 

In the Electrical Department, for the 
past two years, an Electrical School has been 
conducted and has served to stimulate an 
interest in electrical studies. During the last 
year the National Electric Light Association’s 
course was used and the results were highly 
gratifying. During the coming year it is 
planned to give an advanced course. These 
courses have been under the direction of the 
Electrical Engineering Department. 

There is more than one way of going to 
school. Acquiring an education is a process 
which never ends. Doctors hold conventions 
and clinics so as to keep in touch with the 
newest thought in their profession; lawyers 
through lectures and meetings of the bar 
associations continually promote their pro¬ 
fession; and so it is necessary that men 
engaged in the exacting business of scientifi¬ 
cally producing electrical power and gas 
should constantly keep in touch with all that 
is new in their profession. 

In several of the departments it has been 
found not only desirable, but essential, to 
have weekly gatherings of the keymen. In 
some cases these meetings are held twice a 


week. At these meetings all matters affect¬ 
ing the common welfare of the department are 
discussed and it has been found that a much 
higher degree of co-operation is thus secured. 

About fifty of the keymen of t he company, 
representing all departments and districts, 
have been brought together into a Super¬ 
intendents’ Association. This association is 
composed of the men who fill the chief execu¬ 
tive positions, who superintend the work of 
other men, and those who detail and plan the 
work. 

During the winter this association has 
monthly meetings. Each meeting begins 
with a dinner and is followed by a business 
session, at which some form of entertainment 
is given, such as a moving picture; after this 
some subject of interest relating to the busi¬ 
ness of the company is discussed. During the 
past season these meetings have been con¬ 
ducted by the various departments, each 
meeting in charge of a different department, 
at which an outline of the department's 
activities has been given, and it has been 
found that this plan has been productive of a 
great amount of good, for it has given the 
men of each department a conception of what 
the men of the other departments were doing 
and also helped the men of the department 
directly interested in conducting the meeting. 

Close-up of gas main repairman showing style of mask in 
use by the Utica Gas <£• Electric Company. These men 
patrol about 2!f0 miles of high-and-low-pressure mains 



117 








mm 




Views showing the practical application of uses of commercial gas. 
Above is the twenty-four-burner battery of ranges in the Masonic 
Home Kitchen. Large batteries of ranges of this type are widely 
used in public and semi-public institutions and in hotels and 
restaurants. To the left is an installation of gas for heating a 
private residence. It is, perhaps, this direction, together with the 
increased uses of gas industrially, that the development of uses of 
gas will take. The picture tells its own story and, therefore, it is 
riot necessary to go into details or descriptively portray the bene¬ 
ficial results obtained through the modern uses of gas installation 
and application. Contrast this simple burner, its few gauges and 
pipes, its neat and clean appearance, its freedom from dirt, dust 
and ashes, to say nothing of soot and smoke, with the old type of 
coal-burning apparatus. Below is a large installation of gas- 
fired boilers for office building heating. The time is not far dis¬ 
tant when this method will drive the less efficient and more wasteful 
methods of heating from the market wherever gas is obtainable 




118 

















The Company Council is composed of ten 
men who are all executives and heads of de¬ 
partments. This organization was effected 
in August 1919. It meets every Tuesday to 
thoroughly discuss matters connected with 
the business of the company. This organiza¬ 
tion has been of the greatest value to the 
company, not only by establishing closer 
personal relations, but by giving each member 
a better understanding of the business, and of 
the relation of each department to the busi¬ 
ness. 

Many matters of policy are discussed and 
settled by this organization, while many of 
the larger matters are thoroughly discussed 
and recommendations made to the manage¬ 
ment. 

The Board of Directors finally passes upon 
all matters of consequence relating to the 
company. The board is desirous of keeping 
the goodwill of the public which has been 
established in the past and of increasing it in 
the future, knowing full well that there is 
but one way to possess this goodwill and that 
is to render service and supply the highest 
quality of gas and electricity. 

To do this it must rely on and employ 
the highest skill obtainable and must also 
have the goodwill of its employees. 


Every member of the organization from 
the highest official down to the lowest em¬ 
ployee realizes that it is only through faithful 
attention to the service of the public that this 
goodwill can be realized. 

This completes the details of the story of 
the “Power Back of the Power." It is not 
the story of an accidental happening, for the 
processes of manufacturing, refining and dis¬ 
tributing the raw power from water and from 
coal did not come about just because it did. 
This is not the way the world fills its needs. 

Over four hundred years ago Leonardo da 
Vinci, architect, engineer, painter and sculptor, 
set down this great fact: that men made great 
discoveries and invented successful processes 
only at the time when civilization demanded 
them. The people of the civilized world had 
reached the place in the forward march of 
progress where they needed commercial elec¬ 
tricity when electricity came into use and it 
has been developed to its present day state of 
commercial perfection to satisfy this demand. 

Take away power and our civilization is 
no more. Take away power and we go back 
to the day of ox-teams, to the day of pounding 
grain in a mortar or grinding it by hand be¬ 
tween two stones; take away power and we 


Type of trench-digging machine used by the Utica Gas »(• Electric Company in laying gas mams 





















The Northern New 1 orlc Utilities, Incorporated, has several 
new hydro-elc ctric power stations under construction and has 
contracted to furnish the Utica Gas <£• Electric Company 
with 33,000 horsepower when the new stations and the high- 
tension lines are completed, which will be about June 1,1023. 
The illustration at the top shows the Taylorville Station of 
the Northern New J orlc Utilities, Incorporated, while the 
picture at the bottom of the page is from a photograph of the 
interior of the same station and shows two of the turbine- 
generators. This station has a capacity of 5,400 horse¬ 
power. The picture m the center shows several of the 
officials of the Utica Gas it- Electric Company inspecting 
the tower base at the point, where the transmission lines of 
the two companies will be connected 





















Having laid the pipes and sealed the joints, the trench is then refilled. This scene shows the closing of the trench of the Utica 
Has rf- Electric Com pang's high-pressure gas main extension to Frankfort 


would have women spinning the cloth on foot- 
powered spinning wheels wherewith to clothe 
one hundred and twenty millions of people; 
take away power and men would still be saw¬ 
ing the timbers into boards with a whipsaw 
and working from the rising to the going down 
of the sun. 

We have power because we had to have it; 
we have power because we have great needs 
which can be supplied only through power; it 
is only through power that we can have a 
balanced civilization. 

This power did not come through auto¬ 
matic or semi-automatic machines, but these 
machines came as the result of this power. 
Power did not come because of great factories 
employing hundreds or thousands of people, 
but great factories came because of the power. 

This power has made possible the modern 
quantity production methods and through 
quantity production thousands of articles 
which would otherwise be considered as lux¬ 
uries and their possession limited to a favored 
few become common necessities and within 
easy reach of all. 

Not only has this power made possible 
quantity production in the great mills and 
factories, but it has also brought modern pro¬ 
duction methods into the small factories and 
shops. No longer does the cobbler sit at the 
bench and sew by hand, for the shoe repairing 


business has become industrialized through 
power, and machinery, built especially for the 
purpose, does the greater part of the work. 
The carpenter jobbing shop is equipped with 
powered utility tools which permit one work¬ 
man to do more in a day, and do it better, 
than it was possible for several workers to 
accomplish under the old methods. To catalog 
all the uses made of power through the 
electrical method of distribution is practically 
an impossibility in a discussion of this kind, 
for it leads into the office with the motor-driven 
adding machines and into the home with its 
many powered drudgery-removing appliances. 

Go back to the old methods of even two 
or three generations ago and men would again 
work twelve to fourteen hours a day, while 
women's work would never be done. 

It is because we have great manufacturing 
plants with automatic and semi-automatic 
machinery; it is because we have power in 
shop, store and home, that we work eight to 
ten hours a day instead of twelve to fourteen 
hours or even longer. It is because of modern 
methods of power application that most of us 
have our evenings to use as we see fit and it is 
because of the lowering of the hours of labor 
through power that many of us have a Satur¬ 
day half-holiday. So modern, central station 
power reaches out and touches life to a far 


1-21 









About sixty years ago this now empty and deserted building was in its prime and widely known both in this country and 
abroad as one of the famous summer resorts of the United States. Thousands of the world's most famous people have 
recorded their names in its register when they came to view the charms of the “Leaping WatersMoore's Hotel stands 
a few hundred feet from Trenton Falls and is the successor to the “Rural Resort'' built near the same spot thirty years 
earlier. The hotel stands on the tract of land owned by the Utica Gas <f- Electric Company and known as the Trenton 
Falls hydro-electric power development. It will be razed to make teay for improvements to the property 


greater extent than one imagines at first 
thought. 

When you stop and think of it, our whole 
social fabric depends to a great extent upon 
this power. Without modern quantity pro¬ 
duction methods the present hours of labor 
would be impossible and the demand for 
workers under the old system would be so 
great that thousands of children, thousands of 
young men and women who are now able to 
attend school and even the higher institutions 

Practically the first business enterprise to realize the 
attraction value of illumination were the theatres; notv 
exterior lights are in general use on all classes of public 
buildings, on stores and factories and on churches and 
schools. The illustration shows the Avon Theatre at 
Utica at the close of day, just as the lights were turned on 



of learning would have to be at work contrib¬ 
uting their part to the manual labor which 
has been removed through power. 

The creation of this power was not acci¬ 
dental and the maintenance of this power is 
not accidental. Thousands of men in labora¬ 
tories and in schools and shops worked for 
years to make the present method of manu¬ 
facturing, refining and distributing power 
through the central-station method a commer¬ 
cial possibility. Thousands of men, many of 
them with their names written large on the 
roll of fame, worked for years and years at the 
task of solving one or another of the multitude 
of problems which had to be faced before the 
power could be controlled and sent over the 
wires in the required quantities and the 
desired qualities. 

Thousands of men, scientists and engineers 
of the highest order, are at work today, in the 
laboratory and in the field, investigating and 
experimenting, in order that the future will be 
void of the problems still puzzling the techni¬ 
cal minds, and that the industry of supplying 
power of the highest quality from central 
stations will always be adequate to the de¬ 
mand. 

ft is these men and the technically 
trained engineers and the highly skilled, 
trained workers who are the real Power Back 
of the Power. 


1 -H 



















The Utica Gas <£■ Electric Company maintains a branch office in each city and community it serves for the benefit of its 
customers, thus assuring the best possible service both in maintenance and replacements. Through these branches the 
customers can secure whatever they may need in the way of bulbs, plugs or fuses, together with expert attention to all domestic 
repair work. They arc constantly carrying on the work of education in demonstrating to the people the practical use, con¬ 
venience and necessity of modern electrical appliances. Above all, these branch offices form a contact with the various 
people the company serves and they are an important factor in the general goodwill which has accrued to the company. 
The public is assured that the managers of these branch offices and their associates are ready and willing at all times to 
render any service possible with decided promptitude. The picture in the upper left hand corner shows the interior of the 
Utica Gas <£• Electric Company's branch office at Herkimer, while the picture at the right is a view of the exterior of the same 
office. The two center pictures show the branch office at Ilion. the picture to the left showing the exterior, while the one at 
the right is of the interior. The two lower pictures were taken at Little Falls and shoiv exterior and interior views of the 

company's branch in that city 







































Statistics Concerning Utica Gas & Electric Company’s System 


Trenton Falls Hydro-Electric Plant 


Watershed above Dam. 

Average Flow of West Canada Creek at Dam. 

Usable Capacity of Pond at Dam. 

Storage Capacity of Hinckley Reservoir . . 

Length of Dam. 

Height of Dam. 

Old Pipe Line, Wood Stave Portion, 7 ft. dia., length 
Old Pipe Line, Steel Portion, 7 ft. dia., length 

Old Standpipe, 7 ft. dia., height. 

New Pipe Line, Wood Stave Portion, 12 ft. dia., length 

New Pipe Line, Steel Portion, 12 ft. dia., length. 

New Surge Tank, 40 ft. dia., 75 ft. deep, 180 ft. high, 12 ft. 

Gross Head, with Flasliboards. 

Number of Units. 

Capacity of Units, Nos. 1 and 4, each. 

*Capacity of Units, Nos. 5 and 7, each. 

Capacity of Unit No. 6. 

Total Capacity of Plant. 

Transformers in Outdoor Station. 

Transformers in Outdoor Station, Capacity. 


.875 square miles 

1,100 cubic feet per second 

.9,000,000 cubic feet 

.3,445,000,000 cubic feet 

.288 feet 

.GO feet 

.2,680 feet 

.780 feet 

.180 feet 

.2,900 feet 

.1,0G0 feet 

Riser Connection to Pipe Line 
.272 feet 


. 1,350 H. P. 
10,750 H. P. 
.8,500 II. P. 
35,400 II. P. 
.9 


.27,000 K. V. A. 


Little Falls Hydro-Electric Plant 


Watershed above Dam. 

Average Flow r of Mohawk River at Dam 

Storage on Watershed. 

Length of Dam. 

Height of Dam 

Average Head. 

Number of Units. 

Capacity of Units, each 
Capacity of Units, Total 
Capacity of Transformers 


.1,315 square miles 

2,650 cubic feet per second 
. . . 7,600,000,000 cubic feet 

.355 feet 

.10 feet 

.17 feet 

.3 

.533 H. P. 

.1,600 II. P. 

2,000 K. V. A. 


Dolgeville Hydro-Electric Plant 


Watershed above Dam. 

Average Flow of East Canada Creek at Dam 
Storage Capacity of Reservoir at Canada Lakes 

Length of Dam. 

Height of Dam. 

Pipe Line, Steel, 10 ft. dia., length 
Surge Tank, 15 ft. dia., height 

Maximum Head. 

Number of Units. 

Capacity of No. 1. 

Capacity of Nos. 2 and 3, each. 

Total Capacity of Plant. 

Capacity of Transformers. 


... 256 square miles 
640 cubic feet per second 
550,000,000 cubic feet 

.240 feet 

.17 feet 

.540 feet 

.48 feet 

. 72 feet 

.3 

1,600 H. P. 

.600 H. P. 

.2,800 II. P. 

.2,250 K. V. A. 


*Units Nos. .» and 7 have greater capacity than No. <i on account of recent improvements in the turbines. 







































































Washington Street Steam Plant 


Number of Boilers.12 

Rated Capacity, each .050 B. H. P. 

Total Boiler Capacity. .7,800 B. H. P. 

Number of Steam Turbines. 4 

Capacity, Nos. 1 and 2, each .6,667 H. P. 

Capacity, No. 3. 10,000 H. P. 

Capacity, No. 4. .2,667 H. P. 

Total Capacity of Plant. .26,000 H. P. 

Number of Transformers. 18 

Total Capacity of Transformers. 48,000 K. V. A. 

Electric Transmission and Distribution System January 1, 1923 

High Tension Transmission Lines. . .89 miles 

Distribution Lines. 201 miles of poles 

Substations.15 

Distribution Transformers . 2,656 

Electric Meters Installed. 24,255 

Peak Load, 1922. .31,920 Kw. 

Output, 1922. 101,816,002 Kw. H. 

Number of Cities and Communities Served. 38 


Gas Plant 

Water Gas Generators. 

Capacity of Generators. . . 

Capacity of Relief Holders. 

Capacity of Storage Holder 

Compressors. 

Capacity of Compressors.. 

Low Pressure Mains. 

High Pressure Mains 
Number of Gas Meters Installed 
M aximum Daily Sendout, 1922. . 

Total Sendout, 1922 

Number of Cities and Communities Served 


and System 

.4 

. 5,000 M cubic feet per day 
. . 180 M cubic feet 
. 2,000 M cubic feet 
2 Electric, 1 Steam Drive 
350 M cubic feet per hour 
154.9 miles 
84.4 miles 
. . .33,171 

.3,358 M cubic feet 

909,896 M cubic feet 
.12 



Communities Served with Electricity 


Barneveld 

Frankfort 

New Hartford 

Stitt ville 

Bouckville 

Franklin Springs 

N. Y. Mills 

Trenton Falls 

Bridgewater 

Hamilton 

Oriskany 

Unadilla Forks 

Cassville 

Hinckley 

Prospect 

Utica 

Chadwicks 

Holland Patent 

Remsen 

Washington Mills 

Clayville 

I lion 

Rome 

Waterville 

Clinton 

Little Falls 

Salisbury (’enter 

Whitesboro 

College Hill 

Madison 

Sauquoit 

Willowvale 

Dolgeville 

Mohawk 

Solsville 

W. Winfield 

Earlville 



Yorkville 


Communities Served with Gas 


Frankfort 

Ilion 

Mohawk 

Utica 

Ft. Herkimer 

Jacksonburg 

New Hartford 

Whitesboro 

Herkimer 

125 

Little Falls 

N. Y. Mills 

Yorkville 






















































Frank M. Tail 
President and General Manager 


Frank B. Steele 

Vice-President and Associate General Manager 


M. Jesse Brayton 
Vice-President 


George //. Stack 
Secretary and Treasurer 


126 

































Prospect Park 


ROSPECT PARK, near 
the village of Prospect, is 
the name for eight acres 
of attractively wooded 
land on the hank of West 
Canada Creek and over¬ 
looking the beautiful 
Kuyrahoora Falls. The 
park is the property of 
the Utica Gas & Electric 
Company and was opened to the public early 
in July of 1922. 

The new park is a small section of large 
land holdings of the company, which at some 
time in the future will be submerged in the 
lake or reservoir which will be formed when 
a dam is constructed across West Canada 
Creek at this point, preliminary to the build¬ 
ing of what will be the Prospect Falls Power 
Station of the Utica Gas & Electric Company. 
This plant, when finished, will furnish between 
thirty and forty thousand horsepower. 

For the time being, however, and possibly 
for some time to come, the land will not be 
used. It was with this thought in mind that 
officials of the company decided to permit the 
public to gain some advantage from this other¬ 
wise idle land and to have the pleasure and 
enjoyment which parks like Prospect afford. 

The park is about one hundred feet above 


the bed of the creek, and the village of 
Prospect, with the old Hagedorn grist mill, 
which was abandoned about fifteen years 
ago, making the center of the picture, forms 
a delightful and restful view. 

The park is somewhat of a precedent for a 
public utility corporation, since there is not 
another park of this kind in the state, and few, 
if any, in the country. 

Before opening Prospect Park to the 
public the Utica Gas & Electric Company 
built eight field stone fireplaces, with tables 
to accommodate sixteen people, thus creating 
eight camping or picnic spots; or, to be more 
exact, one of the fireplaces is nine feet across 
and has two tables, each seating sixteen 
people. The park proved such a popular 
resort for automobilists and others during 
1922 that the company intends to build 
eleven additional camps during 1923. 

The park is conducted with but few rules, 
regulations, restrictions or reservations. The 
future policy of the company regarding this 
playground depends entirely upon the use the 
public makes of the park. The nearest ap¬ 
proach to regulations is the request contained 
on a signboard at the entrance to the park, 
which asks the visitors’ assistance in keeping 
the park in good order, leaving it in the same 
condition in which they would desire to find it. 


Lobby, Main Office, Utica Gas <£• Electric Company, Utica. Polite, intelligent service has built a splendid spirit of 

goodwill toward this company by the people and firms it serves 


§Ls 


H7 


WMl 



























* "'ZT£- 1 Jra -mm 



mt. 


Customers' Accounting Department, Utica Gas Electric Company. Expert accountants and a highly trained office 

staff enable the company to render prompt service 


Prospect Park is in charge of the superin¬ 
tendent of the Trenton Falls district of the 
Utica Gas & Electric Company, who will be 
pleased to receive suggestions of a constructive 
nature. 

Each camp is numbered, but the company 
lias decided upon a “first come, first served" 
policy, and none of the camps will be reserved 
except on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays. 
At the far end of the park, along the stony 
shore of West Canada Creek, a stream of pure, 
clear water has been piped; adequate lava¬ 
tory facilities have been provided and there 
are garbage receptacles at every camp. 

A large number of letters of appreciation 
have been received by the company and by 
the superintendent of the Trenton Falls 
district. The first letter is from the Business 
Men’s Class of Central M. E. Church of 
Utica, and is signed by the president, Mr. 
George E. La Due. It reads: 

“Saturday afternoon, September 16th, 
1922, seventy-seven members of the Business 
Men’s Class of Central M. E. Church, Utica, 
held an outing at Prospect Park. The men voted 
this outing easily the best of the summer; and 
this was saying quite a little, as we had pre¬ 
viously held two very successful outings, one at 
White Lake in July and the other at Marcy 
in August. 


“The men felt that much of the success of 
our September outing was due to your 
courtesy and helpfulness in getting your 
Camp No. 2 fitted up to take care of such a 
large crowd. 

“We were all very much delighted with 
the park itself, and desire to express our com¬ 
mendation of the Utica Gas & Electric Com¬ 
pany for its thoughtfulness in fixing up such a 
beautiful place for the use of the public.” 

The next letter is from Professor H. D. 
Doolittle, principal of the Trenton High 
School at Barneveld: 

“Please accept the thanks of myself and 
faculty for the use of Camps Nos. 1, 2 and 3 at 
Prospect Park on September 28th. 

“We found it an ideal place for a school 
picnic. The cleanliness and safety of location 
are exceptional features. 

“The young people all had a fine time. It 
might be of interest to note that, when I 
asked the children where they wished to hold 
their picnic, the unanimous vote was Prospect 
Park. 

“Too much cannot be said in praise of 
the Utica Gas & Electric Company for its 
efforts to provide so fine a recreation place.” 

“Three times this summer it has been my 
privilege to enjoy a picnic supper at the park 
in Prospect,” writes Mrs. Mabel C. Baker of 


128 










The Company Council of the Utica Gas & Electric Company is composed of the Vice-President, the Associate General 

Manager, the Secretary-Treasurer and the eight departmental heads 


New Hartford. “Each time I have gone 
with a different party and eacii time we all 
have been verv enthusiastic over the beautv 
of the spot, over the generosity of the Utica 
Gas & Electric Company in providing such a 
place for the public, and over the excellent 
condition in which we found everything. The 
wood prepared, fine and large, seemed to me 
the last word in care and generosity. 

“Last Saturday some seventy from our 
Presbyterian Sunday School of the village 
(Mrs. Baker is superintendent of the school) 
enjoyed an afternoon picnic there, making use 
of fireplace No. 2, with its three large tables. 
It was splendid to have the commodious fire¬ 
place, as we were both boiling and roasting 
frankfurters. 

“In the name of our school and as spokes¬ 
man for the other two groups of friends, I wish 
to thank the Utica Gas Electric Company." 

Here is a letter from the next-door 
neighbors of the company, the Congregational 
Church at Prospect. It was written by 
Eleanor M. Williams: 

“In the name of the Prospect Congrega¬ 
tional Missionary Society. I wish to thank you 
for the privilege of having our picnic at 
Prospect Park. We appreciate the kindness 
of the Utica Gas & Electric Company in 
opening it to the public after spending so 
much time on improvements. 


“The natural beauties of the place, the 
basin with its picturesque falls, the creek with 
its wooded bank, the cold spring water 
bubbling from the rocks, as well as the 
convenient fireplaces with their iron grates, 
and the tables and benches close by, make it 
an ideal picnic spot." 

These are only a few of the many letters 
of appreciation of Prospect Park that have 
come to the Utica Gas & Electric Company. 
Perhaps the best expression of the value of 
Prospect Park is the report of the superin¬ 
tendent of the Trenton Falls district, made to 
the company at the close of the season: 

“The park proved to be a very popular 
retreat. During the months of July, August 
and September, I estimated that there was an 
average attendance of at least between five 
and six hundred people per week. The 
largest attendance was on Sunday, as there 
were several Sundays when it was estimated 
that there were three hundred people in the 
park. 

“The people were quick to grasp the 
privileges of the park and the report of the 
advantages spread rapidly, not only in this 
county, but in other counties, as I personally 
met people there from Boonville, Lowville, 
Remsen, Hinckley, Holland Patent, Stittville, 
Barneveld, Poland, Newport, Middleville, 
Herkimer, Dolgeville, Little Falls, Washing¬ 


ton 












Secretary and Treasurer's Staff, 
Utica Gas Electric Company 




Electrical Engineering Department 
Staff, Utica Gas <£• Electric Company 


Gas Department Staff, Utica Gas &■ 
Electric Company 



' mm 

jm i 





f 



130 
















131 


At Trenton Falls, the Utica Gas & Electric Company will construct this pavilion for the use of its employees in the various 
social activities that the company fosters for them. In connection with this there will be baseball diamonds and tennis courts 


ton Mills, Clayville, St. Johnsville, Clinton, 
New Hartford, Sauquoit, Whitesboro, Oris- 
kany, Rome, Vernon, Frankfort, Ilion and 
Mohawk. 

“It proved very popular, particularly to 
the people of Utica and outlying districts, as 
they not only came once, but made it a weekly 
trip. There were also many out-of-state 
tourists who took advantage of the park to 
stop for luncheon. 

“There were many clubs and societies 
which had outings at the park. Among them 
were South Trenton Church and Sunday 
School, Methodist Church of Stittville, the 
Remsen Masonic Lodge and Mappa Chapter 
O. E. S., Newport Chapter O. E. S., Unitarian 
Church and Sunday School of Barneveld, the 
Unity Club of Barneveld, the Presbyterian 
Sunday School of New Hartford, the teachers 


of Sayre Memorial Church of Utica, the 
Men’s Club of Central Church of Utica, the 
Moriah Society of Prospect, the Trenton 
Union School, Mr. Ray Barber of the New 
York Mills Corporation and party of twenty- 
five, and other large parties and societies of 
which I have no record. 

“In conclusion, I wish to state that every¬ 
thing ran very smoothly at the park. I did 
not have one complaint about anything. The 
public did not abuse any of the park’s priv¬ 
ileges and we had no instances of having to 
clean up after a party at any of the camps." 

Autoists bound for Prospect Park, from 
Utica, upon reaching the village of Prospect, 
should turn to the right at the church anti 
public green, taking the Russia turnpike, and 
the entrance to the park will be seen to the 
left after crossing West Canada ('reek bridge. 


Once a year the Utica Gas it- Electric Company tabes its employees and their families to Prospect Park. Trenton Falls, or 
some other picnic grounds, for a day's outing. This picture shows the transports receiving their load of joyous picnickers 






















Commercial Department Staff, Utica 
Gas ({- Electric Company 



Outlying Districts Department Staff. 
Utica Gas & Electric Company 




Purchasing Department Staff, Utica 
Gas & Electric Company 


13*2 














The W i red W i re 1 ess " 




HE large picture shows the 
apparatus which controls 
the carrier current or the 
“wired wireless” tele¬ 
phone between the Chief 
Load Dispatcher's office 
at the Washington Street 
Station of the Utica Gas 
& Electric Company and 
the Trenton Falls Power 
Station of the company about fourteen miles 
away. The insert shows one of the Chief 
Load Dispatcher’s staff talking over this new 
system. This telephone, the first of its kind 
in the world, was placed in service early in 
December of 1922. The voice, very audible 
and every word distinct, traveled from 
Trenton Falls over the regular high-tension 
lines of the Utica Gas 
Electric Company after 
jumping a gap from an 
antenna near the power 
station to the wires and 
making another jump to 
a second antenna at the 
Washington Street Station 
in LTtica. The sound 
vibrations come right along 
with the current that is 
generated at Trenton and 
distributed from Utica. 

The outfit is the equiv¬ 
alent of a radio set, with 
the exception that the 
voice does not radiate 
through space. It combines 
advantages of radio and 
the ordinary telephone 
and overcomes difficulties 
experienced with both the 
other methods of trans¬ 
porting sound. There is 
little if any chance of it 
ever getting out of order; 
no delay is experienced in 
putting through calls; 
quality of speech is much 
better; static, the bugaboo 
of radio fans, is entirely 
eliminated and external 
disturbances that might 


be caused by radio transmitting stations 
are impossible. 

With this outfit, the Utica Gas & Electric 
Company has been able to materially improve 
its service. Formerly, during a great sleet 
or windstorm, its transmission wires between 
Utica and Trenton Falls would oftentimes 
blow down, the breaks not only cutting off the 
power from the Trenton Falls plant, but 
putting its private telephone system out of 
commission, and on several occasions affecting 
the lines of the New York Telephone Company 
to such an extent that Trenton Falls was 
entirely cut off from outside communications 
with the world. 

No matter what happens now along this 
line, the Chief Load Dispatcher will be able 
to communicate with Trenton Falls Station, 


The carrier current 
Washington Street 


or “wired wireless " telephone equipment in use between the 
Station and the Trenton Falls Station of the Utica Gas 
<(• Electric ('ampang 































Electric milking machines have greatly increased the value 
of the farmer's time and decreased his labor charge 

for the “wired wireless,” although dependent 
upon the high-power lines for voice transmis¬ 
sion, will follow the wires whether they are 
up or down, grounded, whole or broken. Like 
the radio, it transmits through space; but, 
unlike the wireless telephone, the voice will 
follow the wire that conforms to its wave 
length. 

Portable sets will enable the linesmen 
working on the transmission lines between the 
two stations to get in immediate communica¬ 
tion with their superiors. They can do this 
now with the private telephone line, but 
following storms this line is usually out of 
order, handicapping the men in communica¬ 
tion with headquarters. 

Identical sets are installed in each station. 
.Just outside the Washington Street Station 
and between two of the high-tension line 
towers a short antenna has been installed. 

Farmhouses in progressive communities no longer depend 
on the spring and the old oaken bucket for water. They 
install an electric powered water supply system like the 
one shown in the picture below 


While the cream separator has decreased the percentage 
of wasted butter fat and increased his profit 

This directly connects with the apparatus. A 
similar arrangement exists at the Trenton 
Falls Station. When the system is in opera¬ 
tion, the voice jumps from the antenna to the 
power lines above, follows them to the other 
end of the line, makes another jump to the 
antenna there located and then transmitting 
itself into the telephone instrument. 

With the portable outfit, the men on the 
road will simply string an aerial from one 
tower to another, or to a tree nearby, connect¬ 
ing with their set and start the conversation. 

The outfit does not require any special 
knowledge of radio or telephone apparatus to 
operate. A small switch connected with the 
telephone instrument does all the work. One 
calling on the phone, before taking off the 
receiver, takes hold of the switch and moves 
it upward. This action sounds a bell or buzzer 
at the other end of the line and the switch 

Another form of icater pu mp directly con nected with source 
of supply and forcing the icater into the distributing system. 
The old bucket-and-tin-pan outfit has gone by the board 
on the modern farm 






















This photograph shows the Superintendents' Association of the Utica Gas & Electric Company at one of its monthly 
dinners in the company s auditorium. The association is composed of the keymen of the company arid the dinners are 
followed by meetings at which one or more subjects of general interest to the entire organization are thoroughly discussed. 
There is a splendid spirit of co-operation at all of these meetings and a fine feeling of goodfellowship 


automatically goes back to its neutral posi¬ 
tion. The operator takes off the receiver and 
listens. The voice on the other end of the 
line comes floating through the receiver and 
the conversation begins. To listen, the oper¬ 
ator leaves the switch in the neutral position, 
but when he wants to talk he moves it down¬ 
ward. That is all there is to it. 

There is no way in which outsiders can 
“listen in" to the conversation, privacy of 
communication being absolute. Unlike the 
radio, the operator is not required to watch 
at all times to receive calls, the call bell system 
eliminating this. Elaborate and expensive 
aerial systems are not required. 

The carrier-current system eliminates the 
installation and maintenance of a telephone 
wire and makes possible telephoning through a 
section where the lines are down and grounded. 

The set was installed at an expense of 
several thousand dollars. Eventually, the 
company plans to install similar outfits con¬ 
necting with its other branches throughout 
the Mohawk Valley. 

The average radio wave length is fi(>0 
meters. The frequency of the “wired wire¬ 
less” is around 20,000 meters, thus eliminating 
interference from radio broadcasting stations. 


The “wired wireless” apparatus looks 
very much like a radio outfit with its vacuum 
tubes, detectors, amplifiers, storage battery, 
coils, etc. A device, very similar to a tele¬ 
graph sounding instrument, plays an impor¬ 
tant part in the set. Then, the telephone 
instrument, which looks just like an ordinary 
telephone, completes the outfit, which has the 
appearance of a combined radio, telegraph and 
telephone set. 

For a year and a half the General Electric 
Company experimented on this invention. 
It was only perfected recently and the first 
set built by the manufacturers is the one in 
operation between the two stations of the 
Utica Gas & Electric Company. Its installa¬ 
tion is the first of its kind in this country and 
its success will be watched with interest by 
large commercial and industrial organizations 
who can adapt it to their business. 

Through installing the carrier-current 
telephone system the Utica Gas & Electric 
Company has once more evidenced that it is 
the fixed policy of the company to keep its 
equipment up to the highest standard 
and that it is willing to test every new 
method which will prove of value in produc¬ 
ing the highest quality of power. 


135 






















































































Dollars and Sense 


ROM the investor’s 
standpoint securities of 
public utility companies 
should be the most de¬ 
sirable of all corporation 
securities. They should 
be the most desirable 
primarily by reason of 
the absolutely essential 
service given by the 
companies issuing them,” writes Mr. Edward 
B. Lee, under the title of “Public Utility 
Securities from the Standpoint of the Inves¬ 
tor,” in the December .‘50, 192*2, issue of the 
Investment News. 

“It has been well said," continues Mr. Lee, 
“that every phase of human existence comes 
into contact with public utilities. They are 
so absolutely essential that it is difficult to 
imagine how the world could now get along 
should it be deprived of them. If people gen¬ 
erally fail to realize how vitally important 
public utilities are it is because the services 
of public utilities have become commonplace, 
so energetically, systematically and intelli¬ 
gently have the services been developed and 
made available for universal use. 

“Because of their essential character the 
public utilities are supervised by governmen¬ 


tal bodies, whose function it is to see that the 
companies give the best possible service at 
rates assuring reasonable returns on property 
values. This factor adds materially to the 
strength and desirability of the securities as 
investments. * * * 

“These industries are now not only among 
the most essential, but among the largest of 
all industries in the United States. The elec¬ 
tric power and light industry alone has an 
investment of probably $5,000,000,000, the 
electric railway industry an investment of at 
least $5,000,000,000, the gas industry an in¬ 
vestment of approximately $3,000,000,000, 
and the telephone and telegraph industries a 
combined investment of about $3,000,000,000, 
making a total investment of approximately 
$16,000,000,000 for the four industries. * * 

“The greatest progress in all of these in¬ 
dustries, with the exception of that of the 
telegraph, has been made during the last two 
decades. For example, the electric power and 
light industry in 1902, according to the United 
States Census, had an investment of only 
about $628,000,000, as contrasted with its 
present investment of approximately $5,000,- 
000,000. The gross earnings of the electric 
power and light companies in 1902 aggregated 
approximately $86,000,000. as contrasted with 



Reproduction of a gas bill rendered in 1865. The reader will note that the rate at that time was 85.20 per thousand cubic 
feet of gas. Since then, organization, invention and better business methods hare wrought a great change 





20 CENTS PER 1,000 FEET Will BE ALLOWED IF PAID BEFORE THE 10TH OF THE VONTH IN WHICH THE BILL IS PRESENTED. 

$0 UTICA (IAS LIGHT CO., 

REGISTER Eo.o/S Premises, 

Fur Gas consumed from /(if. ■£ C— 186^, to zF t 1 S0«> . 

Stale of Meter at this date, . . . A c> / c *' 

J/ss do at last settlement, . . . J/c? / y 

Consumption, . y & o feet at $->,20 per M., s 

r: ». A tip W CENTS IU VI FEET l 1. TAX.. . . . . ^ f ? 

fur prompt payment, 


Received Payment. 


Office Hours from 9 A. M. ? to 1P. M. ? and 2 to 4 P. M« 


cfs c? A 










































EDITH DAVIES 

THIS WU. BONDER ED 

NOV. 25, 1922 

3-16 UTICA N.Y. 

NET AMOUNT ACCEPTED 

IF PAID ON OR BEFORE 

DEC. 6, 1922 

T. UTICA GAS & ELECTRIC CO. Or 

EDITH DAVIES 

» < 

• ! 

.. . Y . i 

« 

NET AMOUNT ACCEPTED 

IF PAID ON OR BEFORE 

DEC. 5, 1922 

Ci.. el Ntv , 

tint! • ov - 

Metir tittdiat 

II FiM tins 

Disc Mat 

If Paid Net 3 S 


r 

A 4 3 0 r- s 7 * 

1 4 .0 7 

3 7 - 

1 3J. C -> j 

HACK ACC( :,JT - No Discount Rats, $1.45 per M. 

Back Acct ; 

TOTAL AMOUNT : L 

TOTAL. j 

Thin Bill la subject to it Disoount of iCA.. Cu~ioaIc «S' Recorc , ..y, p .. 

per 10* CrtfcFMf P«id v thm the Du owaat Period, Ui« hJfcfttLlU Offlc< Saturdays 8:00 A.M. to 12:00 M*. 

HOi- - Mondays 8:00 A..M. to 8:UG P.M. 

' Kit.urn charge 50c. per taonti. “ . . 

GAS Rites, sen back of till, bill. Cii * _ _ AVOID DELAY— Bring This Bill 

O-A.s 

IF PAID BY CHECK 1 

Mail Coupon and Retain Bill. J 

UTICA GAT. ELECTRIC COMPANY 


This facsimile is of a bill rendered November do, 19??. Note that the rate at this time was $1.45 per thousand cubic feet of gas. 
This saving, in terms the consumer can appreciate, is approximately 350 per cent and has been passed on to him 


present annual gross earnings of approximate¬ 
ly $1,000,000,000. In 1902 the output of the 
electric generating stations was about 2,508,- 
000,000 kilowatt hours, as compared with an 
output of about 45,000,000,000 kilowatt hours 
during 1922. 

“The marvelous expansion that has taken 
place during the last twenty years in the 
electric power and light industry (practically 
doubling itself every five years) has been due 
in part, of course, to the growth in popula¬ 
tion, but it has been due mostlv to the steadilv 

*/ 

increasing uses to which electric energy has 
been put by industries of all kinds. Begin¬ 
ning as simply a lighting business the electric 
generating and distributing industry has been 
so expanded into a power business that there 
are indeed few manufacturing, producing and 
distributing agencies that do not now make 
use of electrical energy in one way or another. 
The ability to serve these many industries has 
been due largely to the development of the 
high-tension, long-distance transmission 
systems, making it possible to generate power 
at the most desirable points and then to send 
this power anywhere to the point of consump¬ 
tion. 

“The great expansion which has taken 
place in the gas industry, despite the loss from 
illuminating business, has been due to the 
many industrial uses found for gas. * * * 

“The increase in the number of investors 
in public utility securities has received its 
greatest impetus, however, through the cus¬ 
tomer-ownership campaigns that have been 
conducted by the utilities in many sections' of 


the country. It may well be said that 
through these campaigns many of the utilities 
have become publicly owned, so widespread 
has been the distribution of their stock. 
Among the many examples of the success of 
the customer-ownership campaign may be 
cited an electric company operating in one 
of the largest cities which now has more than 
25,000 stockholders, of whom approximately 
95 per cent are customers. Another com¬ 
pany operating one of the largest electric 
transmission systems in the eountrv and 
serving an extensive district has made sales 
to approximately 20,000 customers and em¬ 
ployees. In many cases the preferred stock of 
public utility companies has been so widely 
distributed, as a result largely of the customer- 
ownership campaigns, that the average hold¬ 
ings are under ten shares, and in some cases 
under five shares, per stockholder. 

“Despite the physical and financial handi¬ 
caps under which they operated during the 
World War and post-war years, the utility 
companies for the most part emerged from this 
period with records of interest and dividend 
obligations paid in full. There is no instance 
of any company doing an exclusively electric 
power and light business having failed to meet 
its interest obligations during this time, and 
only a very small number, indeed, that failed 
to pay their established dividends regularly. 

“It is to be noted that after all the trying 
times the public utilities had experienced and 
the inability to finance their requirements, 
except at exorbitant rates of interest, they 
eventually took the lead from industrials and 






































■I 


beginning with March 1921 and continuing 
until the present time they have been able to 
market their securities on a lower average 
yield basis. During the remarkable market 
for securities of all kinds that has existed dur¬ 
ing a large part of the past year, the public 
utilities have issued a greater number of secur¬ 
ities than ever before and have placed these 
with the public at what may be considered as 
satisfactory prices. * * * 

“By reason of their exceptionally high 
character the securities of electric power and 
light companies, taken as a group, naturally 
head the list of public utility securities, as 
these are the companies that have had no 
defaults in the payment of interest and very 
few curtailments in dividend payments during 
the last ten years. 

"No other class of corporation securities 
can make a better showing over the last 
decade than those of the electric power and 
light industry. * * * 

"Although the expansion of the utilities 
during the relatively short period of their 
existence has been phenomenal, it must not 
be thought their growth is nearing an end. 
They have a much greater future before them. 
Particularly is this true of the electric power 
and light industry. Let no one think that the 
business field of the electric companies has 


by any means approached the saturation 
point and that from now on there will be only 
a plodding development. 

“The electric power and light industry 
lias not much more than begun its task of 
electrifying the country. Many years must 
necessarily elapse before all homes are elec¬ 
trified and before industries now operating 
by power other than that generated at central 
stations are all supplied by the electric com¬ 
panies, and meanwhile a great number of 
new uses for electrical power will be steadily 
discovered. The electric industry’s greatest 
development will be in the years to come. 
This means that many millions of dollars 
must be annually expended in the building 
and extension of electric properties and that 
investors in the years to come will have a far 
greater number of opportunities for investing 
in electric power and light company securities. 

“Public utilities never occupied so strong 
a position and their securities never held so 
high an investment standing as at the present 
time. More than ever before the public 
recognizes that utilities are necessary insti¬ 
tutions which must receive fair treatment. 
More than ever before regulating commissions 
and other governmental bodies realize that 
their duties are two-fold: they must not only 
protect the public and see that adequate 


Specimen copy of the Preferred Stock Certificate of the 


I'tica Gas & Electric Company 



139 



>r< **r*itT 













































RAR VALUE 

ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS 
EACH • 


PAR VALUE : k - 
ORE HUNDRED DOLLARS 
• EACH 


-99 


THIS CERTIFICATE IS TRANSFERASU EITHER IN NEW YORK OTY.OR UTICA. NY. 


This is to I «1ifvv//// 


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SPECIMEN 


SPECIMEN 


Specimen copy of the Common Stock Certificate of the Utica Gan <t- Electric Com pom/ 



service at fair rates is provided, but they 
must see to it that the utilities are given that 
necessary financial latitude without which 
they cannot carry out financial plans essential 
to the continuous growth of the utilities. 
More than ever before the public utilities 
themselves recognize that they have definite 
duties to perform both for the public they 
serve and for those 
who have invested 
their money in their 
securities. 

“With this in¬ 
creasing realization 
of rights and of duties 
on the part of the 
public, the govern¬ 
mental bodies and 
the utilities them¬ 
selves, public utility 
securities become 
steadily more desir¬ 
able from the stand¬ 
point of the i n- 
vestor.” 

This is a clear-cut 
statement of the value 
of public utility 
securities as an in¬ 
vestment. It is from 


a recognized publication of real worth. It 
is not advertising or publicity, but a logical 
discussion of an important business subject. 

Will you please read the quotations from 
Mr. I vee's article again, especially the last 
three paragraphs. We believe if you will do 
this you will have a better appreciation of 
the reports which follow than from any dis¬ 
cussion of the subject 
we could write. 

In 1920 the Public 
Service Commission 
of New York State 
gave the Utica Gas 
& ^ Electric Company 
permission to issue 
$1,200,000 of pre¬ 
ferred stock, or 12,000 
shares at a par value 
of $100 each. This 
was the first issue of 
preferred stock made 
by the company and 
a detailed report is 
given on next page. 

The remarkable 
feature of this report 
is that only 2,689 
shares of this stock 
are held outside of 


Ruth Bailey Steele, who holds the first share of Preferred 
Stock issued by the Utica Gas »{• Electric Company 


140 























the territory served by the company and 
that these outside shares, if they can be 
so termed, are held by 385 shareholders. 
Equally remarkable is the large number of 
shareholders of this stock, as the average 
number of shares per holder is only seven. 

In describing the preferred stock and other 
securities of public utility corporations of the 
standing of the Utica Gas & Electric Com¬ 
pany the experienced financial writers always 
call them securities. The term is rightly used, 
because money invested in these stocks is as 
secure as it is possible to make it. Another 
term, correctly used by the financial experts, 
is investment, and these preferred stocks, 
backed by the actual physical property of the 
issuing corporation, form the very best in¬ 
vestment. 

It is possible that financiers and men of 


unlimited means can assume the element of 
risk connected with investments of a specu¬ 
lative nature, but all such men agree that 
people in the average walks of life, those who 
have a capital so limited that the loss of several 
hundred or a few thousand dollars represents 
the hard-earned savings of a considerable 
portion of their lives, cannot afford to take 
any unnecessary risk when placing their sur¬ 
plus funds, but should invest only in such 
high-calibre stocks and bonds which possess 
true security values and which will give them 
the assurance of a reasonable, yet profitable, 
return on their investment without imperil¬ 
ing it in any way. 

The officers of the Utica Gas & Electric 
Company believe that the preferred stock of 
this public utility corporation forms such an 
investment. 


Report of the Distribution of the Preferred Stock of the Utica 


Gas <S: Electric Company 

Total Shares Sold 12,200 

Total Number of Shareholders to November 5, 1922. 1,686 

Average Shares per Stockholder. .7 

Largest Block Held by One Person. 283 

Smallest Block Held by One Person. 1 

No. Shares Held in Utica. 5,091 

No. Shareholders in Utica. 671 

No. Shares Held in Other Utica Gas & Electric Company Territory. 4,320 

No. Shareholders in Other Utica Gas & Electric Company Territory. 630 

No. Shares Held Outside of Utica Gas & Electric Company Territory. 2,689 

No. Shareholders Outside of Utica Gas & Electric Company Territory. 385 

No. of Employees Holding Shares. . 512 

No. of Shares to Employees. . 1,105 

No. of Women Holding Shares. . 478 

No. of Shares Held by Women. 4,010 

No. of Men Holding Shares. 1,023 

No. of Shares Held by Men. 7,507 

Shares Bought Outright. 10,100 

Shares Bought on Installment Plan. 2,100 

No. of Shares Sold by Employees. 6,286 

No. of Shares Sold by Salesmen. 1,262 

No. of Shares Sold by Banks. 183 

No. of Shares Sold by Brokers. 121 

No. of Shares Sold by Office. 4,348 

No. of Shares Cancelled, Refunded, Resold 423 


in 




































I The call light flashes on the telephone switch¬ 

board at the offices of the Utica Gas <t Electric 
Company—there is always an operator on duty 
day and night, Sundays and holidays, throughout 
the year—and to the greeting of the operator there 
comes the reply: “There is always something 
wrong at our house; the lights in the front rooms 
are all out.” In a few seconds there is heard the 
whir of an automobile motor in the company's 
garage and one of the expert service men is on the 
way. Regardless of the time, night or day, and 
despite weather conditions, fair or disagreeable, 
he makes the trip at as great speed as it is safe 

I to use and the laws of the road will allow. Arriv¬ 

ing at the place from which the call came, he 
ascertains the cause of the trouble and in ninety- 
nine cases out of a hundred is able to have the 
lights on again in a few minutes. In the majority 
of cases all that is necessary for the service man 
to do is to replace a fuse, though he carries an 
emergency kit which enables him to correct other 
conditions, if necessary. In less than ten minutes 
from the time the average trouble telephone call 
is received at the company's office the lights arc 
on and the customer is saying “goodbye ” to 
the service man. Highest quality power is only 
maintained through highest quality service. It 
is this kind of attention and prompt action 
that has made every user of electric light and 
electric power an appreciated friend of the Utica 
Gas & Electric Company 


C i?8 


















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